Halogenated xanthenes as vaccine adjuvants
A method of inducing a Type I interferon response in a mammalian subject that presents with a microbial infection, cancerous tumor or hematological malignancy that comprises administering an amount of a halogenated xanthene as discussed above, effective to induce the Type I interferon response. A method of enhancing a mammalian immunogen-specific immune response that comprises contacting mammalian cells, in vivo or present in a mammalian cell growth supporting medium, with an adjuvant-effective amount of a halogenated xanthene, and an immunogen to which that response is to be enhanced. A mammalian HX compound-adjuvanted vaccine composition that contains an immunogen present in a vaccine-effective amount along with an adjuvant-effective amount of a halogenated xanthene (HX) compound and one or more excipients present at about 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight of the vaccine composition dissolved or dispersed in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.
1. A method of inducing Type I interferon (IFN) response in a mammalian subject that presents with a microbial infection that comprises administering a STING dimerization-inducing amount of a halogenated xanthene (HX), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an amide thereof whose nitrogen atom is unsubstituted, substituted with one or two C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups that are the same or different or together with the amido nitrogen form a 5- or 6-membered ring, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester thereof, an aromatic derivative thereof, wherein the aromatic derivative is an ester or amide formed from an alcohol or monosubstituted amine having a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring, or a 5,6- or 6,6-fused aromatic ring system that contains 0, 1 or 2 hetero ring atoms that are independently nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said HX is rose bengal disodium.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said mammal is a human.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester is a C 2 ester.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said microbial infection is one or more of a viral infection, a bacterial infection, a fungal infection, and a single cell parasitic infection.
6. A method of inducing Type I interferon (IFN) response in a mammalian subject having a cancerous tumor or a hematologic malignancy that comprises systemically administering a STING dimerization-inducing amount of a halogenated xanthene (HX), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an amide thereof whose nitrogen atom is unsubstituted, substituted with one or two C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups that are the same or different or together with the amido nitrogen form a 5- or 6-membered ring, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester thereof, an aromatic derivative thereof, wherein the aromatic derivative is an ester or amide formed from an alcohol or monosubstituted amine having a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring, or a 5,6- or 6,6-fused aromatic ring system that contains 0, 1 or 2 hetero ring atoms that are independently nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said HX compound is rose bengal disodium.
8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said mammalian subject is a human.
9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester is a C 2 ester.