Apparatuses and methods for passive fault monitoring of current sensing devices in protective circuit interrupters
Passive monitoring the integrity of current sensing devices and associated circuitry in GFCI and AFCI protective devices is provided. A protection circuit interrupter employs a capacitively coupled noise signal obtained by an arrangement of one or both of line side arms relative to a Rogowski coil. The noise signal is monitored while the line and load sides of a protective circuit interrupter are disconnected, and the connection of the line and load sides disabled if the noise signal fails to correlate sufficiently to a reference noise cycle. When the line and load sides are connected, the RMS value of the observed current signal is monitored such that the line and load sides are disconnected if the observed current signal fails to meet an RMS threshold. The observed current signal is compensated by subtracting the reference noise cycle prior to monitoring for the fault condition applicable to the protective device.
1. A method of self-testing a protection device interrupter comprising:
monitoring components in the protection device interrupter to determine whether the components are operational during an arrangement chosen from (a) a line hot arm and a line neutral arm of the protection device interrupter being disconnected, respectively, from a load hot arm and a load neutral of the protection device interrupter; and (b) the line hot arm and the line neutral arm of the protection device interrupter being connected, respectively, to the load hot arm and the load neutral of the protection device interrupter and a load connected to the protection device interrupter via the load hot arm and the load neutral is drawing zero current, and
disabling connection of the line hot arm and the line neutral arm to, respectively, the load hot arm and the load neutral when the monitored components are determined to be operational during either of the arrangement (a) and the arrangement (b);
wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring a characteristic associated with at least a selected one of the components in the protection device interrupter chosen from a coil, analog signal conditioning circuitry, and an analog to digital input of a digital processor in the protection device interrupter.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring a characteristic comprises using a noise signal associated with the components during the arrangement; and the disabling connection of the line hot arm and the line neutral arm to, respectively, the load hot arm and the load neutral is performed when the noise signal meets a first designated criterion.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring comprises:
capacitively coupling at least one of the line hot arm and the line neutral arm in the protection device interrupter to a current sensing coil.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the current sensing coil is a Rogowski coil.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising capacitively coupling at least one of a line hot arm and a line neutral arm in the protection device interrupter to a current sensing coil;
wherein the monitoring comprises using a noise signal created by the capacitively coupling.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
analyzing the noise signal created by the capacitively coupling; and
disabling connection of the line hot arm and the line neutral arm to, respectively, the load hot arm and the load neutral when the noise signal meets a first designated criterion with respect to the reference noise data.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
analyzing a current signal from the coil when the line hot arm and the line neutral arm are connected, respectively, to the load hot arm and the load neutral; and
disconnecting line hot arm and the line neutral arm, respectively, from the load hot arm and the load neutral when the current signal satisfies a second designated criterion with respect to the reference noise data.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
averaging cycles of the noise signal while the line hot arm and the line neutral arm, respectively, are disconnected from the load hot arm and the load neutral to determine a reference noise cycle and a threshold represented by a root mean square value of the reference noise cycle;
wherein the second designated criterion corresponds to the threshold, and the disconnecting comprises disconnecting the line hot arm and the line neutral arm, respectively, from the load hot arm and the load neutral when the current signal is less than the threshold or greater than the threshold by a selected amount.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the monitoring further comprises:
averaging cycles of the noise signal to determine a reference noise cycle and a threshold represented by a root mean square value of the reference noise cycle; and
correlating the noise signal with the reference noise cycle, the first designated criterion corresponds to a selected threshold of correlation, and the disabling is performed when the correlating results in correlation below the selected threshold.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the selected threshold of correlation is 0.976.
11. The method of claim 5 , further comprising disposing the other one of the line hot arm and the line neutral arm relative to the coil to create current flow in the same direction through each of the line hot arm and the line neutral arm to reinforce an observed current signal.