Active electro-optic quantum transducers comprising resonators with switchable nonlinearities

1. A quantum transducer device comprising:

a tuning component that comprises nonlinear optical material, wherein the nonlinear optical material comprises a centrosymmetric material having a zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) and a non-zero third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3) );

a microwave resonator; and

an optical resonator,

wherein a first electromagnetic field of the microwave resonator overlaps with a second electromagnetic field of the optical resonator, and the first electromagnetic field and the second electromagnetic field overlap with the centrosymmetric material, and

wherein the optical resonator interacts with the microwave resonator and the centrosymmetric material based on an input that induces a non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material that causes the interaction to transduce single optical photons to single microwave photons, wherein the input comprises at least one of:

a voltage pulse applied to the microwave resonator, or

a modulated laser pulse applied to the optical resonator.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) of nonlinear optical material can be selectively switched on or off based on the voltage pulse.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) is selectively switched on by application of the voltage pulse.

4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) is selectively switched off by removal of the voltage pulse once the transduction is complete.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inducement of the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material causes a π pulse between the optical resonator and the microwave resonator.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical resonator is coupled to a laser.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the optical resonator is pumped by the laser which is gated with a modulator.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the microwave resonator is coupled to a pulsed voltage power supply through a switch and an inductor.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the centrosymmetric material comprises silicon and germanium.

10. A quantum transducer device comprising:

a tuning component that comprises nonlinear optical material, wherein the nonlinear optical material comprises a centrosymmetric material having a zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) and a non-zero third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3) );

a microwave resonator; and

an optical resonator,

wherein a first electromagnetic field of the microwave resonator overlaps with a second electromagnetic field of the optical resonator, and the first electromagnetic field and the second electromagnetic field overlap with the centrosymmetric material, and

wherein the optical resonator interacts with the microwave resonator and the centrosymmetric material based on an input that induces a non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material that causes the interaction to transduce single microwave photons to single optical photons, wherein the input comprises at least one of:

a voltage pulse applied to the microwave resonator, or

a modulated laser pulse applied to the optical resonator.

11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) of nonlinear optical material can be selectively switched on or off based on the voltage pulse.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) is selectively switched on by application of the voltage pulse.

13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) is selectively switched off by removal of the voltage pulse once the transduction is complete.

14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the inducement of the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material causes a π pulse between the optical resonator and the microwave resonator.

15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the optical resonator is coupled to a laser.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the optical resonator is pumped by the laser which is gated with a modulator.

17. The system of claim 10 , wherein the microwave resonator is coupled to a pulsed voltage power supply through a switch and an inductor.

18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the centrosymmetric material comprises silicon and germanium.

19. A method comprising:

receiving, by a quantum transducer, a set of microwave photons, wherein the quantum transducer comprises:

a tuning component that comprises nonlinear optical material, wherein the nonlinear optical material comprises a centrosymmetric material having a zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) and a non-zero third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3) ),

a microwave resonator, and

an optical resonator,

wherein a first electromagnetic field of the microwave resonator overlaps with a second electromagnetic field of the optical resonator, and the first electromagnetic field and the second electromagnetic field overlap with the centrosymmetric material;

receiving, by the quantum transducer, an input comprising at least one of a voltage pulse or a modulated laser input, wherein the input causes the optical resonator to interact with the microwave resonator and the centrosymmetric material to induce a non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material;

transducing, by the quantum transducer, based on the interaction the induces the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material, the set of microwave photons into a single optical photon; and

outputting, by the quantum transducer, the single optical photon.

20. A method comprising:

receiving, by a quantum transducer, a set of optical photons, wherein the quantum transducer comprises:

a tuning component that comprises nonlinear optical material, wherein the nonlinear optical material comprises a centrosymmetric material having a zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) and a non-zero third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3) ),

a microwave resonator, and

an optical resonator,

wherein a first electromagnetic field of the microwave resonator overlaps with a second electromagnetic field of the optical resonator, and the first electromagnetic field and the second electromagnetic field overlap with the centrosymmetric material;

receiving, by the quantum transducer, an input comprising at least one of a voltage pulse or a modulated laser input, wherein the input causes the optical resonator to interact with the microwave resonator and the centrosymmetric material to induce a non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material;

transducing, by the quantum transducer, based on the interaction the induces the non-zero second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (2) ) in the centrosymmetric material, the set of optical photons into a single microwave photon; and

outputting, by the quantum transducer, the single microwave photon.