Neutron generator using superconducting coils for electrostatic heating and magnetic confinement
A nuclear fusion reactor includes a chamber containing plasma and two or more devices which include superconducting electromagnetic coils. At least one of the two or more devices may be biased to a high voltage to provide thermal energy to ions in the magnetic confinement region. In some examples, the chamber and the two or more devices can be coaxial and toroid shaped. In some examples, the chamber can be spherical or cylindrical with the two or more devices being toroid or elongated toroid shaped and formed on opposite faces of a cuboid. The two or more devices may be disposed in the chamber to provide a high-beta magnetic confinement region for the plasma.
1. A neutron generator comprising:
a chamber at a first potential;
at least a first and second device within the chamber at a second potential, each of the first and second devices in contact with and housing a superconducting coil also at the second potential, wherein
the first and second devices are arranged so as to form at least four elongated magnetic cusps forming a magnetic confinement region in which neutron generation takes place, and wherein
a potential difference between the first and second potentials forms an ion accelerating electric field to both inject ions into the magnetic confinement region as well as recirculate ions back into the magnetic confinement region that have escaped the magnetic confinement region.
2. The neutron generator of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the accelerating electric field and magnetic forces drive the neutron generation between the at least four elongated magnetic cusps.
3. The neutron generator of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the accelerating electric field and the magnetic cusps drive the neutron generation.
4. The neutron generator of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting coils are electrically coupled to a current source external to the chamber.
5. The neutron generator of claim 4 , wherein the electrical coupling is made via a supporting structure that (1) electrically insulates at least one of the superconducting coils from the chamber and (2) is sized to allow passage of cryogenic fluid into a respective one of the first or second devices.
6. The neutron generator of claim 1 , wherein the first and second devices are arranged such that in cross section the at least four lengths of superconductor are equally spaced from each other.
7. The neutron generator of claim 6 , wherein the four lengths of superconductor generate magnetic fields that shield the first and second devices from ions incident on the magnetic confinement region.