Systems and methods for recovery of molten metal
Certain systems comprise a reactor (e.g., a reduction cell such as an electrolytic cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte) comprising molten metal within a container; and a collection vessel at least partially contained within the container of the reactor, the collection vessel comprising an opening fluidically connected to the container of the reactor. Some systems comprise a reactor; and a collection vessel comprising a first opening fluidically connected to the reactor and a second opening fluidically connected to a source of gas (e.g., inert gas) and to a source of negative pressure.
1. A method of operating a system comprising a reactor, a collection vessel, a first phase comprising molten metal, and a second phase contained in the reactor, wherein the collection vessel comprises a first opening fluidically connected to the reactor and a second opening fluidically connected to a source of gas and to a source of negative pressure, the method comprising:
contacting the collection vessel with the second phase; and
applying negative pressure to the collection vessel using the source of negative pressure such that at least a portion of the molten metal within the reactor enters the collection vessel.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten metal comprises molten rare earth metal.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to applying the negative pressure, transporting gas from the source of the gas into the collection vessel via the second opening.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the gas is an inert gas.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after at least the portion of molten metal enters the collection vessel, removing the collection vessel from a container of the reactor.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the container is thermally insulated.
7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising, after at least the portion of molten metal enters the collection vessel, removing the collection vessel from a container of the reactor.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of the negative pressure is a vacuum pump.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the inert gas comprises a noble gas.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the noble gas comprises argon.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a reduction cell.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reduction cell is an electrolytic cell.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises valving configured to assume a first position in which the second opening is in fluidic communication with the source of gas and to assume a second position in which the second opening is in fluidic communication with the source of negative pressure.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising switching the valving from the first position to the second position.
15. The method of claim 7 , further comprising, after removing the collection vessel from the container of the reactor, solidifying at least a portion of the molten metal in the collection vessel to form solidified material.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the solidified material contains metal in an amount of at least 90 at %.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the solidified material contains metal in an amount of at least 99.99 at %.
18. A method of operating a system comprising a reactor and a collection vessel, wherein the collection vessel comprises a first opening fluidically connected to the reactor and a second opening fluidically connected to a source of gas and to a source of negative pressure, the method comprising:
transporting gas from the source of the gas into the collection vessel via the second opening;
subsequently, applying negative pressure to the collection vessel using the source of negative pressure such that molten metal within the reactor enters the collection vessel;
after the molten metal enters the collection vessel, removing the collection vessel from a container of the reactor;
after removing the collection vessel from the container of the reactor, solidifying at least a portion of the molten metal in the collection vessel to form solidified material; and
after solidifying the at least a portion of the molten metal in the collection vessel to form the solidified material, reheating the collection vessel such that the solidified material remelts,
wherein the gas is an inert gas.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising recasting the molten metal.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising inserting the collection vessel into the reactor.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising, after inserting the collection vessel into the reactor and before transporting the molten metal from the reactor into the collection vessel, allowing the collection vessel to reach thermal equilibrium with the reactor.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second phase comprises a molten salt electrolyte.
23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising opening a conduit in fluid communication with the collection vessel such that the collection vessel is in fluid communication with the reactor.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein walls of the collection vessel comprise a refractory metal and/or a ceramic.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein walls of the collection vessel comprise a refractory metal.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the refractory metal comprises tantalum.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the collection vessel with the second phase comprises contacting an external surface of the collection vessel with the second phase.
28. The method of claim 23 , wherein the collection vessel has a larger maximum interior cross-sectional dimension than the conduit.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of an interior volume of the collection vessel is contained within a container of the reactor during at least 25% of a time period during which the molten metal enters the collection vessel.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting the collection vessel with the second phase occurs during at least 25% of a time period during which the molten metal enters the collection vessel.
31. The method of claim 18 , wherein the molten metal comprises molten rare earth metal.
32. The method of claim 18 , wherein the reactor is a reduction cell.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the reduction cell is an electrolytic cell.
34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the system further comprises valving configured to assume a first position in which the second opening is in fluidic communication with the source of gas and to assume a second position in which the second opening is in fluidic communication with the source of negative pressure.
35. The method of claim 34 , further comprising switching the valving from the first position to the second position.
36. The method of claim 18 , wherein the solidified material contains metal in an amount of at least 90 at %.
37. The method of claim 18 , wherein the solidified material contains metal in an amount of at least 99.99 at %.