System and method for dynamic tow of a trailer

1. A method for dynamic tow of a trailer comprising:

during a first time period:

detecting a first longitudinal force applied to a kingpin, arranged on a proximal end of a trailer, by a hitch of a tow vehicle;

detecting a first lateral force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a first speed and a first direction of motion of the trailer;

calculating a first tractor-trailer angle, between longitudinal axes of the trailer and the tow vehicle, based on the first longitudinal force and the first lateral force;

calculating a first total force, applied to the kingpin by the hitch, based on the first longitudinal force and the first lateral force;

calculating a first target preload force opposite the first direction of motion and proportional to the first tractor-trailer angle; and

triggering a motor, arranged in a drive system located proximal a distal end of the trailer, to reduce torque output in the first direction of motion to decrease a first difference between the first total force and the first target preload force:

in response to the first speed of the trailer exceeding a first threshold speed; and

in response to the first total force falling below the first target preload force; and

during a second time period:

detecting a second longitudinal force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a second lateral force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a second speed and a second direction of the trailer;

calculating a second total force applied to the kingpin by the hitch based on the second longitudinal force and the second lateral force;

calculating a second target preload force opposite the second direction of motion and proportional to the second tractor-trailer angle; and

triggering the motor, arranged in the drive system, to increase torque output in the second direction of motion to decrease a second difference between the second total force and the second target preload force:

in response to the second speed exceeding the first threshold speed; and

in response to the second total force exceeding the second target preload force.

2. The method of claim 1 :

wherein detecting the first direction of motion of the trailer comprises detecting the first direction of motion of the trailer in a forward direction;

further comprising calculating a first speed variance of the trailer during the first time period based on the first speed;

wherein calculating the first target preload force comprises calculating the first target preload force proportional to the first tractor-trailer angle and proportional to the first speed variance;

wherein calculating the second tractor-trailer angle comprises calculating the second tractor-trailer angle less than the first tractor-trailer angle;

further comprising calculating a second speed variance of the trailer during the second time period based on the second speed, the second speed variance greater than the first speed variance;

wherein detecting the second direction of motion of the trailer comprises detecting the second direction of motion of the trailer in the forward direction; and

wherein calculating the second target preload force comprises calculating the second target preload force, approximating the first target preload force, proportional to the second tractor-trailer angle and proportional to the second speed variance.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, during an initial time period preceding the first time period:

detecting an initial force impulse applied to the kingpin;

interpreting the initial force impulse as a coupling event with the hitch of the tow vehicle; and

in response to interpreting the initial force impulse as the coupling event with the hitch of the tow vehicle, entering a tow mode.

4. The method of claim 1 :

further comprising:

during the first time period, detecting a first charge state of a battery pack coupled to the trailer; and

during the second time period, detecting a second charge state, greater than the first charge state, of the battery pack;

wherein calculating the first target preload force comprises calculating the first target preload force proportional to the first tractor-trailer angle and inversely proportional to the first charge state;

wherein calculating the second tractor-trailer angle comprises calculating the second tractor-trailer angle less than the first tractor-trailer angle;

wherein detecting the second direction of motion of the trailer comprises detecting the second direction of motion of the trailer in the forward direction; and

wherein calculating the second target preload force comprises calculating the second target preload force, approximating the first target preload force, proportional to the second tractor-trailer angle and inversely proportional to the second charge state.

5. The method of claim 1 :

further comprising, during the first time period, detecting a first duration of the trailer exhibiting the first speed;

wherein calculating the first target preload force opposite the direction of motion of the tow vehicle and proportional to the tractor-trailer angle comprises calculating the first target preload force opposite the direction of motion of the tow vehicle and inversely proportional to the first duration; and

further comprising, during a third time period:

detecting a third speed corresponding to the first speed and a third direction of motion of the trailer;

detecting a second duration of the trailer exhibiting the first speed;

detecting a third total force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

in response to the second duration exceeding the first duration, calculating a third target preload force, less than the first target preload force, opposite the direction of motion and inversely proportional to the second duration; and

in response to the third total force falling below the third target preload force, triggering the motor to reduce torque output in the third direction of motion to decrease a third difference between the third total force and the third target preload force.

6. The method of claim 1 :

wherein detecting the first longitudinal force applied to the kingpin comprises:

accessing a first signal from a first sensor arranged in a first sensor receptacle of the kingpin, the first sensor receptacle extending parallel to a lateral axis of the trailer; and

based on the first signal, detecting the first longitudinal force applied to the kingpin; and

wherein detecting the first lateral force applied to the kingpin comprises:

accessing a second signal from a second sensor arranged in a second sensor receptacle of the kingpin, the second sensor receptacle extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of the trailer; and

based on the second signal, detecting the first lateral force applied to the kingpin.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at a third time succeeding the second time:

detecting a third longitudinal force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a third lateral force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a third speed and a third direction of motion of the trailer;

calculating a third total force applied to the kingpin by the hitch of the tow vehicle based on the third longitudinal force and the third lateral force; and

in response to the third speed of the trailer falling below a second threshold speed, triggering the motor to disable torque output in the third direction of motion.

8. The method of claim 7 :

wherein triggering the motor to reduce torque output in the first direction of motion comprises triggering the motor to reduce torque output in the first direction of motion to decrease the first difference between the first total force and the first target preload force:

in response to the first speed of the trailer exceeding the first threshold speed comprising a lower speed limit; and

in response to the first total force falling below the first target preload force;

wherein triggering the motor to disable torque output in the third direction of motion comprises, in response to the third speed of the trailer falling below the second threshold speed comprising an upper speed limit, triggering the motor to disable torque output in the third direction of motion; and

further comprising during a fourth time period:

detecting a fourth longitudinal force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a fourth lateral force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a fourth speed and a fourth direction of motion of the trailer;

in response to the fourth speed of the trailer falling below the lower speed limit, accessing a nominal low-speed preload force;

calculating a fourth total force applied to the kingpin by the hitch based on the fourth longitudinal force and the fourth lateral force; and

in response to the fourth total force exceeding the nominal low-speed preload force, triggering the motor to increase torque output in the fourth direction of motion of the tow vehicle to decrease a third difference between the fourth total force and the nominal low-speed preload force.

9. The method of claim 1 :

further comprising, during the second time period:

retrieving a first low-emissions region from a drive route assigned to the trailer; and

detecting a first location of the trailer; and

wherein triggering the motor to increase torque output in the direction of motion of the tow vehicle to decrease the second difference comprises triggering the motor to increase torque output in the direction of motion of the tow vehicle to decrease the second difference between the second total force and the target preload force:

in response to the first location falling within the threshold distance of the low-emissions region;

in response to the second speed exceeding the first threshold speed; and

in response to the second total force exceeding the target preload force.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising during a third time period:

detecting a third speed and a third direction of motion of the trailer;

retrieving a last georeferenced location from the drive route assigned to the trailer;

detecting a second location of the trailer; and

in response to the third speed of the trailer falling below a second threshold speed and in response to the second location of the trailer falling within the threshold distance of the last georeferenced location, triggering the motor to disable torque output in the third direction of motion.

11. The method of claim 1 :

further comprising, during the second time period, detecting an incline angle of the trailer;

wherein calculating the first target preload force opposite the first direction of motion of the trailer and proportional to the tractor-trailer angle comprises calculating the first target preload force opposite the first direction of motion of the trailer and inversely proportional to the incline angle of the trailer; and

further comprising, during a third time period:

detecting a third longitudinal force applied to the kingpin;

detecting a third lateral force applied to the kingpin;

detecting a decline angle and a third direction of motion of the trailer;

calculating a third total force applied to the kingpin by the hitch of the tow vehicle based on the third longitudinal force and the third lateral force;

calculating a third target preload force opposite the third direction of motion and proportional to the decline angle of the trailer; and

in response to the third total force exceeding the third target preload force, triggering the motor to regeneratively brake a driven axle to slow motion of the trailer and to decrease a third difference between the third total force and the third target preload force.

12. The method of claim 11 :

wherein detecting the direction of motion of the tow vehicle comprises detecting the direction of motion of the trailer in a forward direction;

wherein calculating the first target preload force opposite the first direction of motion and proportional to the tractor-trailer angle comprises calculating the first target preload force, in a reverse direction, opposite the forward direction and inversely proportional to the incline angle;

wherein triggering the motor to reduce torque output in the first direction of motion comprises triggering the motor to reduce torque output in the forward direction to decrease the first difference between the first total force and the first target preload force;

wherein triggering the motor to increase torque output in the second direction of motion to decrease the second difference comprises triggering the motor to increase torque output in the forward direction to decrease the second difference between the second total force and the second target preload force;

wherein calculating the third target preload force opposite the third direction of motion comprises calculating the third target preload force in a reverse direction, opposite the forward direction, and proportional to the decline angle of the trailer; and

wherein triggering the motor to regeneratively brake the driven axle to increase torque output to slow motion of the trailer comprises triggering the motor to regeneratively brake the driven axle to increase torque output in the reverse direction to decrease the third difference between the third actual force and the third target preload force.

13. The method of claim 11 :

further comprising, during the third time period, detecting a first charge state of a battery pack coupled to the trailer; and

wherein triggering the motor to regeneratively brake the driven axle to slow motion of the trailer opposite the third direction of motion comprises triggering the motor to regeneratively brake the driven axle to increase torque output opposite the third direction of motion and to decrease the third difference between the third actual force and the third target preload force:

in response to the first charge state of the battery pack falling below a threshold charge state; and

in response to the third total force exceeding the third target preload force.

14. A method for dynamic tow of a trailer comprising:

during a first time period:

detecting a direction of motion of the trailer;

detecting a first force applied to a kingpin arranged on a proximal end of the trailer, by a hitch of a tow vehicle;

detecting a first incline angle of the trailer;

calculating a first target preload force opposite the direction of motion and inversely proportional to the first incline angle; and

in response to the first force falling below the first target preload force, triggering a motor, arranged in a drive system located proximal a distal end of the trailer, to increase torque output in the direction of motion to decrease a first difference between the first force and the first target preload force; and

during a second time period:

detecting a second force applied to the kingpin by the hitch of the tow vehicle;

detecting a decline angle of the trailer;

calculating a second target preload force opposite the direction of motion of the tow vehicle and inversely proportional to the decline angle; and

in response to the second force falling below the second target preload force, triggering the motor to increase torque output opposite the direction of motion to decrease the second difference between the second force and the second target preload force.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein triggering the motor to increase torque output opposite the direction of motion comprises, in response to the second force falling below the second target preload force, triggering the motor to regeneratively brake a driven axle to increase torque output opposite the direction of motion and to decrease the second target preload force.

16. The method of claim 14 :

further comprising during the first time period:

detecting a first speed of the tow vehicle; and

calculating a tractor-trailer angle based on the first longitudinal force and the first lateral force;

wherein calculating the first target preload force comprises calculating the first target preload force opposite the direction of motion of the tow vehicle and proportional to the tractor-trailer angle; and

wherein triggering the motor to increase torque output in the direction of motion comprises triggering the motor to reduce torque output in the direction of motion to decrease the first difference between the first total force and the first target preload force:

in response to the first speed of the trailer exceeding a first threshold speed; and

in response to the first total force falling below the first target preload force.

17. The method of claim 14 :

further comprising during the first time period:

detecting a first longitudinal force applied to the kingpin by the hitch; and

detecting a first lateral force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

wherein detecting the first force applied to the kingpin comprises calculating the first force applied to the kingpin based on the first longitudinal force and the first lateral force;

further comprising during the second time period:

detecting a second longitudinal force applied to the kingpin by the hitch; and

detecting a second lateral force applied to the kingpin by the hitch; and

wherein detecting the second force applied to the kingpin comprises calculating the second force applied to the kingpin based on the second longitudinal force and the second lateral force.

18. The method of claim 17 :

wherein detecting the first longitudinal force applied to the kingpin comprises:

accessing a first signal from a first sensor arranged in a first sensor receptacle of the kingpin, the first sensor receptacle extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of the trailer; and

detecting the first longitudinal force applied to the kingpin based on the first signal;

wherein detecting the first lateral force applied to the kingpin comprises:

accessing a second signal from a second sensor arranged in a second sensor receptacle of the kingpin, the second sensor receptacle extending parallel to a lateral axis of the trailer; and

detecting the first lateral force applied to the kingpin based on the second signal;

wherein detecting the second longitudinal force applied to the kingpin comprises:

accessing a third signal from the first sensor; and

based on the third signal, detecting the second longitudinal force applied to the kingpin; and

wherein detecting the second lateral force applied to the kingpin comprises:

accessing a fourth signal from the second sensor; and

based on the fourth signal, detecting the second lateral force applied to the kingpin.

19. A method for dynamic tow of a trailer comprising:

during a first time period:

detecting a first force applied to a kingpin, arranged on a proximal end of a trailer, by a hitch of a tow vehicle;

detecting a first direction of motion of the trailer;

detecting a first tractor-trailer angle between longitudinal axes of the trailer and the tow vehicle;

detecting a first incline angle of the trailer;

calculating a first target preload force opposite the first direction of motion, proportional to the first tractor-trailer angle, and inversely proportional to the first incline angle; and

in response to the first force falling below the first target preload force, triggering a motor, arranged in a drive system located proximal a distal end of the trailer, to reduce torque output in the first direction of motion to decrease a first difference between the first force and the first target preload force; and

during a second time period:

detecting a second force applied to the kingpin by the hitch;

detecting a second direction of motion of the trailer;

detecting a second tractor-trailer angle between longitudinal axes of the trailer and the tow vehicle;

detecting a second incline angle of the trailer;

calculating a second target preload force opposite the second direction of motion, proportional to the second tractor-trailer angle, and inversely proportional to the second incline angle; and

in response to the second force exceeding the second target preload force, triggering the motor to increase torque output in the second direction of motion to decrease a second difference between the second force and the second target preload force.

20. The method of claim 19 :

further comprising:

during the first time period, detecting a first charge state of a battery pack coupled to the trailer; and

during the second time period, detecting a second charge state, greater than the first charge state, of the battery pack;

wherein detecting the first direction of motion of the trailer comprises detecting the first direction of motion of the trailer in a forward direction;

wherein calculating the first target preload force comprises calculating the first target preload force proportional to the first tractor-trailer angle, and inversely proportional to the first incline angle and the first charge state;

wherein detecting the second tractor-trailer angle comprises detecting the second tractor-trailer angle less than the first tractor-trailer angle;

wherein detecting the second direction of motion of the trailer comprises detecting the second direction of motion of the trailer in the forward direction; and

wherein calculating the second target preload force comprises calculating the second target preload force proportional to the second tractor-trailer angle, and inversely proportional to the second incline angle and the second charge state.