Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus using protein, peptide and oligonucleotide antigens

1. A method of detecting the levels of antibodies in a sample of a subject having or suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the method comprising:

(i) obtaining a serum, plasma, or blood sample from the subject;

(ii) exposing antibodies in the sample to at least four antigens, the antigens comprising single stranded DNA (ssDNA), U1 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP), and Ro52, and at least one of: Smith antigen (Sm), Deoxyribonuclease I (DNAse I), Histone III-S, Histone H2A (H2a), Collagen III, and Serum amyloid A apolipoprotein (Apo-SAA); and

(iii) detecting in said sample the levels of antibodies reactive with each of the at least four antigens by quantifying the amount of antigen-antibody complex formed for each antigen, wherein the amount of antigen-antibody complex is indicative of the level of each respective antibody in said sample.

2. The method of claim 1 , comprising detecting the levels of IgG antibodies reactive to ssDNA, U1 snRNP, Sm, Apo-SAA, and Ro52, and levels of IgM antibodies reactive to H2a, in said sample.

3. The method of claim 1 , comprising detecting the levels of IgG antibodies reactive to ssDNA, U1 snRNP, Ro52, Collagen III, and Apo-SAA, and levels of IgM antibodies reactive to Histone III-S, in said sample.

4. The method of claim 1 , comprising detecting the levels of IgG antibodies reactive to ssDNA, Sm, DNAse I, Ro52, and U1 snRNP, and levels of IgM antibodies reactive to Histone III-S, in said sample.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sample is a serum sample.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antigens are provided in the form of an antigen array, or an antigen chip.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sample is a plasma sample.