Methods for harvesting corn using combine harvesters

1. A method for producing seed corn for use in growing corn plants, the method comprising:

measuring a moisture content of corn kernels on ears of corn plants in a field;

removing, by a combine harvester, the ears of corn from the corn plants in the field, when the moisture content is 19% or less;

separating the corn kernels from cobs of the ears of corn onboard the combine harvester while in the field; and

collecting the separated corn kernels for use as seed corn, whereby one or more corn plants can be grown from the corn kernels collected by the combine harvester.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring the moisture content includes measuring the moisture content of the corn kernels on the ears of corn using near-infrared spectroscopy.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein measuring the moisture content further includes measuring the moisture content of corn kernels on ears of corn at three or more different locations in the field; and

wherein removing the ears of corn from the corn plants, when the moisture content is 19% or less, includes removing the ears of corn from the corn plants when at least 90% of the moisture content measurements at each of the three or more different locations in the field is 19% or less.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing the collected corn kernels for use in growing the one or more corn plants.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cultivating corn plants from the collected corn kernels.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein collecting the separated corn kernels includes collecting the separated corn kernels in a hopper onboard the combine harvester;

wherein the method further comprises:

transferring the collected corn kernels from the hopper onboard the combine harvester to at least one dryer unit;

drying the transferred corn kernels at the at least one dryer unit; and

storing the dried corn kernels.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein drying the transferred corn kernels includes drying the corn kernels in the at least one dryer unit to a moisture content of about 14% or less.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising analyzing the corn plants in the field for one or more characteristics before removing the ears of corn from the corn plants.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more characteristics are selected from the group including corn kernel size, corn kernel shape, stalk strength, and corn plant type.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the field is one of multiple fields, and wherein the multiple fields define a total harvest amount;

wherein the method further includes:

measuring a moisture content of corn kernels on ears of corn plants in at least one additional field of the multiple fields;

removing, by the combine harvester and/or at least one additional combine harvester, the ears of corn from the corn plants in the at least one additional field, when the moisture content is 19% or less;

separating the corn kernels from cobs of the ears of corn onboard the combine harvester and/or the at least one additional combine harvester while in the at least one additional field; and

collecting the separated corn kernels for use as seed corn; and

wherein the collected corn kernels from the field and the at least one additional field satisfy a threshold portion of the total harvest amount.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the threshold portion of the total harvest amount is at least about 25% of the total harvest amount for the multiple fields.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing the ears of corn from the corn plants in the field includes: engaging the corn plants in the field with a corn header of the combine harvester; and removing, by the corn header, the ears of corn from the corn plants, as the combine harvester moves through the field; and

wherein separating the corn kernels from the cobs of the ears of corn onboard the combine harvester includes: receiving, at a feeder unit of the combine harvester, the separated ears of corn from the corn header; moving, by the feeder unit, the separated ears of corn to a threshing unit of the combine harvester; and directing, by a rotor of the threshing unit, the separated ears of corn through a housing of the threshing unit having multiple concaves and multiple separating grates disposed along a length of the housing to thereby separate the corn kernels from the cobs of the ears of corn.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein collecting the separated corn kernels includes:

receiving, at a separating unit of the combine harvester, the separated corn kernels from the threshing unit;

directing, by a fan, the separated corn kernels across a first sieve of the separating unit, the first sieve defining a plurality of apertures each having a size between about 0.6 inches about 0.8 inches;

directing corn kernels passing through the apertures of the first sieve to a second sieve of the separating unit, the second sieve defining a plurality of apertures each having a size between about 0.2 inches and about 0.6 inches, the second sieve disposed generally below the first sieve; and

directing the corn kernels passing through the apertures of the second sieve to a hopper.

14. The method of 13 , wherein removing the ears of corn from the corn plants with the corn header of the combine harvester includes engaging the corn plants in the corn header with stalk rollers configured to separate the ears of corn from the corn plants.

15. The method of 14 , further comprising:

rotating the multiple stalk rollers at a speed of between about 1,000 rotations per minute and about 1,200 rpm rotations per minute to thereby separate the ears of corn from the corn plants; and

rotating the rotor of the threshing unit within the housing at a speed of between about 200 rotations per minute and about 400 rotations per minute to thereby remove the corn kernels from the ears of corn by pushing the ears of corn against the multiple concaves and the multiple separating grates of the housing.

16. A method for producing seed corn for use in growing corn plants, the method comprising:

determining that corn plants in a field include one or more desired characteristics;

identifying a threshold moisture content based on the one or more desired characteristics;

directing a combine harvester to the field based on the determination, when a moisture content of corn kernels on ears of the corn plants satisfies the threshold moisture content;

removing, by the combine harvester, the ears of corn from the corn plants;

separating the corn kernels from cobs of the ears of corn onboard the combine harvester; and

collecting the separated corn kernels for use as seed corn, whereby one or more corn plants can be grown from the collected corn kernels.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more characteristics are selected from the group including corn kernel size, corn kernel shape, stalk strength, and corn plant type.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the threshold moisture content is about 25%.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein collecting the separated corn kernels includes collecting the separated corn kernels in a hopper onboard the combine harvester;

wherein the method further comprises:

transferring the collected corn kernels from the hopper onboard the combine harvester to at least one dryer unit;

drying the transferred corn kernels at the at least one dryer unit; and

storing the dried corn kernels.

20. The method of claim 16 , wherein removing the ears of corn from the corn plants: engaging the corn plants in the field with a corn header of the combine harvester; and removing, by the corn header, the ears of corn from the corn plants, as the combine harvester moves through the field; and

wherein separating the corn kernels from the cobs of the ears of corn onboard the combine harvester includes: receiving, at a feeder unit of the combine harvester, the separated ears of corn from the corn header; moving, by the feeder unit, the separated ears of corn to a threshing unit of the combine harvester; and directing, by a rotor of the threshing unit, the separated ears of corn through a housing of the threshing unit having multiple concaves and multiple separating grates disposed along a length of the housing to thereby separate the corn kernels from the cobs of the ears of corn.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein collecting the separated corn kernels includes:

receiving, at a separating unit of the combine harvester, the separated corn kernels from the threshing unit;

directing, by a fan, the separated corn kernels across a first sieve of the separating unit, the first sieve defining a plurality of apertures each having a size between about 0.6 inches about 0.8 inches;

directing corn kernels passing through the apertures of the first sieve to a second sieve of the separating unit, the second sieve defining a plurality of apertures each having a size between about 0.2 inches and about 0.6 inches, the second sieve disposed generally below the first sieve; and

directing the corn kernels passing through the apertures of the second sieve to a hopper.

22. The method of 21 , wherein removing the ears of corn from the corn plants with the corn header of the combine harvester includes engaging the corn plants in the corn header with stalk rollers configured to separate the ears of corn from the corn plants.

23. The method of 22 , further comprising:

rotating the multiple stalk rollers at a speed of between about 1,000 rotations per minute and about 1,200 rpm rotations per minute to thereby separate the ears of corn from the corn plants; and

rotating the rotor of the threshing unit within the housing at a speed of between about 200 rotations per minute and about 400 rotations per minute to thereby remove the corn kernels from the ears of corn by pushing the ears of corn against the multiple concaves and the multiple separating grates of the housing.