Method of aluminum-scandium alloy production
Disclosed methods relate to producing an aluminum-scandium (Al—Sc) alloy. A method can include providing an electrolyte bath comprising a first portion of at least one of ScF 3 or AlF 3 and a first portion of at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF; providing a cathode in electrical contact with the electrolyte bath; providing an anode in electrical contact with the electrolyte bath; adding a first portion of SC 2 O 3 into the electrolyte bath; reacting an aluminum ion with the cathode; applying an electric current to the cathode, thereby reacting a scandium ion with the cathode to produce the Al—Sc alloy.
1. A method of producing an aluminum-scandium (Al—Sc) alloy comprising a combination of metallothermic and electrolytic reactions, comprising:
(a) providing an electrolyte bath comprising a first portion of ScF 3 , AlF 3 , and at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF;
(b) providing a cathode in contact with the electrolyte bath, wherein the cathode comprises aluminum;
(c) providing an anode in contact with the electrolyte bath;
(d) adding a first portion of Sc 2 O 3 into the electrolyte bath;
wherein the metallothermic reactions comprise:
(e) reacting an aluminum ion and a scandium ion at the cathode to produce the Al—Sc alloy; and
wherein the electrolytic reactions comprise:
(f) applying an electric current to the cathode, wherein an aluminum ion and a scandium ion react at the cathode to produce the Al—Sc alloy, and wherein after reacting the scandium ion at with the cathode:
the electrolyte bath comprises ScF 3 , AlF 3 , and at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF, and
the cathode comprises the Al—Sc alloy.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Al—Sc alloy comprises between 1-12 weight % scandium.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Al—Sc alloy comprises between 3-8 weight % scandium.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the aluminum and the scandium in the cathode is a liquid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric current to the cathode has a current density of about 0.2-1.0 A/cm 2 .
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
maintaining a predetermined molar ratio of the scandium ion to the aluminum ion of 0:1 to 2:1, wherein the predetermined ratio is maintained by controlling the electric current to the cathode.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
maintaining a predetermined molar ratio of an oxygen ion to a fluoride ion of 1:20 to 1:250, wherein the predetermined ratio of the oxygen ion to the fluoride ion is maintained by:
controlling the electric current, or
adding a second portion of Sc 2 O 3 into the electrolyte bath.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
maintaining a predetermined molar ratio of a lithium ion to the scandium ion and the aluminum ion of 0.5:1 to 4:1, wherein the predetermined molar ratio is maintained by adding a second portion of LiF.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
maintaining a predetermined molar ratio of a sodium ion to the scandium ion and the aluminum ion of 0.5:1 to 6:1, wherein the predetermined molar ratio is maintained by adding a second portion of NaF.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
maintaining a predetermined molar ratio of a potassium ion to the scandium ion and the aluminum ion of 0.5:1 to 6:1, wherein the predetermined molar ratio is maintained by adding a second portion of KF.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
adding a second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF into the electrolyte bath.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF are added such that the electrolyte bath comprises 17-38 weight % ScF 3 , 15-28 weight % AlF 3 , 43-weight % NaF, and 1-5 weight % Sc 2 O 3 .
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF are added such that the electrolyte bath comprises 22-45 weight % ScF 3 , 18-33 weight % AlF 3 , 31-43 weight % LiF, and 1-6 weight % Sc 2 O 3 .
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF are added such that the electrolyte bath comprises 14-32 weight % ScF 3 , 12-24 weight % AlF 3 , 51-63 weight % KF, and 1-5 weight % Sc 2 O 3 .
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
adding a second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , ScF 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF into the electrolyte bath.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , ScF 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF are added such that the electrolyte bath comprises 17-38 weight % ScF 3 , 15-28 weight % AlF 3 , 43-55 weight % NaF, and 1-5 weight % Sc 2 O 3 .
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , ScF 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF are added such that the electrolyte bath comprises 22-45 weight % ScF 3 , 18-33 weight % AlF 3 , 31-43 weight % LiF, and 1-6 weight % Sc 2 O 3 .
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second portion of Sc 2 O 3 , ScF 3 , AlF 3 , and/or at least one of LiF, NaF, or KF are added such that the electrolyte bath comprises 14-32 weight % ScF 3 , 12-24 weight % AlF 3 , 51-63 weight % KF, and 1-5 weight % Sc 2 O 3 .