Lightweight blocks with stone-like appearance and method of manufacture
The present disclosure describes modular blocks configured to give the appearance of natural or cut stone. An aesthetic coating composition may be applied to one or more surfaces of a block having a low-density, such as an insulating concrete form (ICF), to form an modular block having the appearance of cut stone. The aesthetic coating composition includes a binder component, such as a cementitious binder made from white Portland cement, or a polymer binder such as an acrylic binder, an aggregate component, such as a limestone aggregate component, and optionally an adhesive component. The aggregate component includes a fine sand portion and a coarse sand portion that effectively enable the appearance of cut stone after finishing of the aesthetic coating surface via sanding, polishing, sandblasting, acid etching, acid finishing, or exposed aggregate finishing.
1. A method of manufacturing a lightweight block adapted to give the appearance of natural or cut stone, comprising:
providing a lightweight block substrate having a density of less than 1680 kg/m 3 ;
moving the lightweight block substrate on a conveyor under an applicator chute containing a aesthetic coating composition;
the applicator chute applying the aesthetic coating composition to a surface of the lightweight block substrate to form an aesthetic coating layer;
moving the lightweight block substrate with the aesthetic coating layer on the conveyor under a leveler which levels the aesthetic coating layer and removes excess aesthetic coating composition from an outer surface of the aesthetic coating layer; and
allowing the aesthetic coating layer to harden to form a hardened aesthetic coating layer,
the aesthetic coating layer being formulated to resemble natural or cut stone when applied to the surface of the lightweight block substrate and allowed to harden and form the hardened aesthetic coating layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the leveler is selected from a blade, a bar, an edge, and means for leveling the aesthetic coating layer and removing excess aesthetic coating composition from the outer surface of the aesthetic coating layer.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising finishing an outer surface of the aesthetic coating layer using one or more finishers.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more finishers comprise one or more of a sander, polisher, sandblaster, applicator for acid etch, applicator for acid wash, applicator for face retarder, or power washer.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein finishing comprises successively sanding and/or polishing the outer surface of the aesthetic coating layer with progressively finer sanders and/or polishers.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a sealer to the aesthetic coating layer.
7. The method of claim 1 , the aesthetic coating composition comprising:
a binder component selected from a cementitious binder selected from Portland cement, white cement, and supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and a polymer binder selected from an acrylic binder, polyvinyl alcohol binder, alkyd resin binder, and polyurethane binder; and
a limestone and/or silica aggregate component including at least two gradations of aggregate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein white cement constitutes about 50% or more of the cementitious binder.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cementitious binder constitutes about 15% to 45% of the dry weight of the aesthetic coating composition.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the aggregate component constitutes about 55% to 85% of the dry weight of the aesthetic coating composition.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aggregate component comprises a fine sand portion and a coarse sand portion, wherein the fine sand portion has a D90 within a range of about 0.075 mm to 0.425 mm, and/or wherein the fine sand portion has a D50 that is 0.075 mm or less, and wherein the coarse sand portion has a D90 within a range of about 0.425 mm to 2.80 mm.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aesthetic coating composition further comprises a latex adhesive component in an amount ranging from about 2% to 10% of the dry weight of the aesthetic coating composition.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lightweight block substrate comprises an insulated concrete form (ICF), which includes:
a first side;
a second side; and
a plurality of supports, connecting the first side to the second side, wherein each support comprises a first fastening end and a second fastening end, the first fastening end being embedded within the first side,
wherein at least the first side comprises a low-density substrate material having a density less than 1000 kg/m 3 .
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the low-density substrate has a density of less than about 500 kg/m 3 .
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first and second sides each comprise a low-density polymer foam.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first side comprises a low-density polymer foam and the second side comprises a removable form.