Computer-implemented method for defect analysis, apparatus for defect analysis, computer-program product, and intelligent defect analysis system
A computer-implemented method for defect analysis is provided. The computer-implemented method includes obtaining a plurality of sets of defect point coordinates, a respective set of the plurality of sets of detect point coordinates including coordinates of defect points in a respective substrate of a plurality of substrates, the coordinates of defect points in the respective substrate being coordinates in an image coordinate system; combining the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates according to the image coordinate system into a composite set of coordinates to generate a composite image; and performing a clustering analysis to classify defect points in the composite set in the composite image into a plurality of clusters.
1. A computer-implemented method for defect analysis, comprising:
obtaining a plurality of sets of defect point coordinates, a respective set of the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates comprising coordinates of defect points in a respective substrate of a plurality of substrates, the coordinates of defect points in the respective substrate being coordinates in an image coordinate system;
combining the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates according to the image coordinate system into a composite set of coordinates to generate a composite image;
performing a clustering analysis to classify defect points in the composite set in the composite image into a plurality of clusters
determining a plurality of contours respectively of at least a plurality of selected clusters of the plurality of clusters, a respective one of the plurality of contours comprising a plurality of edge defect points in a respective one of the plurality of selected clusters;
applying a fitting algorithm to edge defect points of the plurality of selected clusters to generate a plurality of mask areas respectively corresponding to the plurality of selected clusters; and
generating a plurality of feature vectors respectively of the plurality of mask areas.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a plurality of selected clusters from the plurality of clusters;
wherein a number of defect points in each of the plurality of selected clusters is greater than a threshold number.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein generating the plurality of feature vectors comprises:
generating Hu geometric moment m i,j and center-to-center distance M i,j of a respective one of the plurality of mask areas, wherein m i,j =Σ (x,y)∈A x i y j ;
calculating defect point density p, area a, center of mass O (O x , O y ), and direction θ of the respective one of the plurality of mask areas; and
generating a respective one of the plurality of feature vectors for the respective one of the plurality of mask areas.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3 , wherein a respective one of the plurality of feature vectors is expressed as:
F=[ρ,a,Ox,Oy,θ,L,W,r] T ;
wherein
ρ
=
N
a
,
N stands tor a number of defect points in the respective one of the plurality of mask areas, a stands for an area of the respective one of the plurality of mask areas;
O
x
=
m
10
a
;
O
y
=
m
01
a
;
θ
=
-
0.5
atc
tan
(
2
M
11
M
02
-
M
20
)
;
M
ij
=
∑
(
x
,
y
)
∈
𝒜
(
x
-
O
x
)
i
(
y
-
O
y
)
j
;
r
=
L
W
;;
L stands for a length of a minimal external rectangle of the respective one of the plurality of mask areas; and
W stands for a width of a minimal external rectangle of the respective one of the plurality of mask areas.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of contours are determined using an alpha shapes-based method.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:
assigning one or more selected mask areas of the plurality of mask areas as a plurality of defect aggregation areas;
wherein feature vectors respectively of the one or more selected mask areas satisfy a threshold condition.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6 , further comprising:
comparing parameters of first defect points inside the one or more selected mask areas with parameters of second defect points outside the one or more selected mask areas; and
identifying potential devices that causes first defect points based on comparing.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:
obtaining a plurality of sets of substrate defect point coordinates, a respective one of the plurality of sets of substrate defect point coordinates comprising coordinates of substrate defect points in a respective substrate, the coordinates of substrate defect points in the respective substrate being coordinates in a substrate coordinate system; and
converting the coordinates of the substrate defect points in the substrate coordinate system into the coordinates of the defect points in the image coordinate system.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates comprises:
obtaining a plurality of sets of raw defect point coordinates; and
selecting, from the plurality of sets of raw defect point coordinates, sets of defect point coordinates comprising more than a threshold number of defect point coordinates as the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the clustering analysis is performed using a hierarchical clustering method.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10 , wherein the hierarchical clustering method is a single linkage clustering method.
12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein a Euclidean distance between adjacent defect points in a respective one of the plurality of clusters being equal to or less than a threshold value, a Euclidean distance between any two defect points respectively from two of the plurality of clusters being greater than the threshold value.
13. An apparatus for defect analysis, comprising:
a memory;
one or more processors;
wherein the memory and the one or more processors are connected with each other; and
the memory stores computer-executable instructions for controlling the one or more processors to:
obtain a plurality of sets of defect point coordinates, a respective set of the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates comprising coordinates of defect points in a respective substrate of a plurality of substrates, the coordinates of defect points in the respective substrate being coordinates in an image coordinate system;
combine the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates according to the image coordinate system into a composite set of coordinates to generate a composite image;
perform a clustering analysis to classify defect points in the composite set in the composite image into a plurality of clusters;
determine a plurality of contours respectively of at least a plurality of selected clusters of the plurality of clusters, a respective one of the plurality of contours comprising a plurality of edge defect points in a respective one of the plurality of selected clusters;
apply a fitting algorithm to edge defect points of the plurality of selected clusters to generate a plurality of mask areas respectively corresponding to the plurality of selected clusters; and
generate a plurality of feature vectors respectively of the plurality of mask areas.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the memory further stores computer-executable instructions for controlling the one or more processors to:
generate Hu geometric moment m i,j and center-to-center distance M i,j of a respective one of the plurality of mask areas, wherein m i,j =Σ (x,y)∈A x i y j ;
calculate defect point density p, area a, center of mass O (O x , O y ) and direction θ of the respective one of the plurality of mask areas; and
generate a respective one of the plurality of feature vectors for the respective one of the plurality of mask areas.
15. A computer-program product comprising a non-transitory tangible computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions thereon, the computer-readable instructions being executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform:
obtaining a plurality of sets of defect point coordinates, a respective set of the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates comprising coordinates of defect points in a respective substrate of a plurality of substrates, the coordinates of defect points in the respective substrate being coordinates in an image coordinate system;
combining the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates according to the image coordinate system into a composite set of coordinates to generate a composite image; and
performing a clustering analysis to classify defect points in the composite set in the composite image into a plurality of clusters;
determining a plurality of contours respectively of at least a plurality of selected clusters of the plurality of clusters, a respective one of the plurality of contours comprising a plurality of edge defect points in a respective one of the plurality of selected clusters;
applying a fitting algorithm to edge defect points of the plurality of selected clusters to generate a plurality of mask areas respectively corresponding to the plurality of selected clusters; and
generating a plurality of feature vectors respectively of the plurality of mask areas.
16. The computer-program product of claim 15 , wherein the computer-readable instructions are further executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform:
generating Hu geometric moment m i,j and center-to-center distance M i,j of a respective one of the plurality of mask areas, wherein m i,j =Σ (x,y)∈A x i y j ;
calculating defect point density p, area a, center of mass O (O x , O y ), and direction θ of the respective one of the plurality of mask areas; and
generating a respective one of the plurality of feature vectors for the respective one of the plurality of mask areas.
17. An intelligent defect analysis system, comprising:
a distributed computing system comprising one or more networked computers configured to execute in parallel to perform at least one common task;
one or more computer readable storage mediums storing instructions that, when executed by the distributed computing system, cause the distributed computing system to execute software modules;
wherein the software modules comprise:
a data manager configured to store data, and intelligently extract, transform, or load the data;
a query engine connected to the data manager and configured to query the data directly from the data manager;
an analyzer connected to the query engine and configured to perform defect analysis upon received a task request, the analyzer comprising a plurality of business servers and a plurality of algorithm servers, the plurality of algorithm servers configured to query the data directly from the data manager; and
a data visualization and interaction interface configured to generate the task requests;
wherein one or more of the plurality of algorithm servers is configured to perform the computer-implemented method of claim 1 .