Antioxidant for fuel cells to improve durability
Disclosed herein are membrane-electrode assemblies and fuel cells comprising an anode comprising a first catalyst; a cathode comprising a second catalyst; and a proton exchange membrane between the anode and cathode; wherein at least one of the proton exchange membrane, anode, and cathode comprise an antioxidant comprising yttrium doped cerium oxide and a metal doped cerium oxide that has a faster release time of cerium ions compared to yttrium doped cerium oxide.
1. A membrane-electrode assembly comprising:
an anode comprising a first catalyst;
a cathode comprising a second catalyst; and
a proton exchange membrane between the anode and cathode;
wherein at least one of the proton exchange membrane, anode, and cathode comprise an antioxidant comprising yttrium doped cerium oxide and a metal doped cerium oxide that has a faster release time of cerium ions compared to yttrium doped cerium oxide.
2. The membrane-electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the metal doped cerium oxide is aluminum doped cerium oxide.
3. The membrane-electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the proton exchange membrane comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.
4. The membrane-electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein an amount of yttrium in the yttrium doped cerium oxide is about 1 to about 50 mol %.
5. The membrane-electrode assembly of claim 2 , wherein an amount of aluminum in the aluminum doped cerium oxide is about 1 to about 50 mol %.
6. The membrane-electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein about 50 μg/cm 2 to about 1000 μg/cm 2 of antioxidant is utilized.
7. The membrane-electrode assembly of claim 2 , wherein an amount of aluminum doped cerium oxide is about 1 to about 50 mol % of yttrium doped cerium oxide.
8. The membrane-electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst and second catalyst are independently platinum or a platinum alloy.
9. A fuel cell comprising:
a membrane-electrode assembly comprising a proton exchange membrane, an anode comprising a first catalyst, and a cathode comprising a second catalyst, the proton exchange membrane positioned between the anode and cathode;
a first microporous layer contacting the anode;
a second microporous layer contacting the cathode;
an anode diffusion layer contacting the first microporous layer;
a cathode diffusion layer contacting the second microporous layer;
a first flow channel contacting the anode diffusion layer; and
a second flow channel connecting the cathode diffusion layer;
wherein at least one of the proton exchange membrane, anode, cathode, first microporous layer and the second microporous layer comprise an antioxidant comprising yttrium doped cerium oxide and a metal doped cerium oxide that has a faster release time of cerium ions compared to yttrium doped cerium oxide.
10. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the metal doped cerium oxide is aluminum doped cerium oxide.
11. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the proton exchange membrane comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.
12. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein an amount of yttrium in the yttrium doped cerium oxide is about 1 to about 50 mol %.
13. The fuel cell of claim 10 , wherein an amount of aluminum in the aluminum doped cerium oxide is about 1 to about 50 mol %.
14. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein about 50 μg/cm 2 to about 1000 μg/cm 2 of antioxidant is utilized.
15. The fuel cell of claim 12 , wherein an amount of aluminum doped cerium oxide is about 1 to about 50 mol % of the amount of yttrium doped cerium oxide.
16. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the first catalyst and second catalyst are independently platinum or a platinum alloy.
17. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein one or both of the anode diffusion layer and the cathode diffusion layer comprise carbon paper.
18. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the proton exchange membrane comprises the antioxidant.
19. The fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the proton exchange membrane comprises about 100 ppm to about 100,000 ppm of antioxidant.
20. A vehicle comprising a fuel cell of claim 9 .