Whispering-gallery mode optical resonator

1. A quantum computing system, comprising:

a whispering-gallery mode optical resonator configured to define a closed loop-like mode including an evanescent field portion, wherein the optical resonator is configured to be tuned to support a resonance frequency associated with a transition frequency of an atom;

at least one trapping laser configured to cause the atom to be trapped adjacent the whispering-gallery mode optical resonator;

at least one cooling laser configured to manipulate a state of the atom to thereby cool the atom;

at least one optical atom presence detector for outputting an atom presence signal; and

at least one processor configured to:

control operation of the at least one trapping laser to cause the atom to be trapped adjacent the optical resonator and within the evanescent field portion;

provide, based on the atom presence signal, an indication that the atom is trapped adjacent the optical resonator; and

control operation of the at least one cooling laser and thereby cool the atom.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one optical detector for outputting a cooling signal reflecting a position or a vibrational state of the atom, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to use the cooling signal to control operation of the at least one cooling laser.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein controlling operation of the at least one cooling laser and controlling operation of the at least one trapping laser includes controlling at least one of an intensity, a frequency, a polarization, or a duration of the at least one cooling laser and the at least one trapping laser.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one trapping laser includes at least two trapping lasers, and at least one trapping laser has a lower frequency than another trapping laser.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one trapping laser includes a plurality of trapping lasers, and wherein at least one of the plurality of trapping lasers is configured to exert an attractive force on the atom and wherein at least another of the plurality of trapping lasers is configured to exert a repelling force on the atom.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one trapping laser includes a single trapping laser configured to repel the atom to counter a Van der Waals attraction.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the atom is neutral.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the atom is an ion.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the atom is a rubidium atom.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the atom is a cesium atom.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the atom is one of a Strontium, Erbium, Ytterbium, Calcium, Barium, Beryllium, or Magnesium atom.

12. A quantum computing method, comprising:

tuning a whispering-gallery mode optical resonator to support a resonance frequency associated with a transition frequency of an atom, the optical resonator being configured to define a closed loop-like mode including an evanescent field portion;

controlling operation of at least one trapping laser to cause the atom to be trapped adjacent the optical resonator and within the evanescent field portion;

providing, based on an atom presence signal from at least one optical atom presence detector, an indication that the atom is trapped adjacent the optical resonator; and

controlling operation of at least one cooling laser to cool the atom, wherein the at least one cooling laser is configured to manipulate a state of the atom to thereby cool the atom.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein controlling operation of the at least one cooling laser includes using a cooling signal from at least one optical detector, wherein the cooling signal reflects a position or a vibrational state of the atom.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein controlling operation of the at least one cooling laser and the at least one trapping laser includes controlling at least one of an intensity, a frequency, a polarization, or a duration of the at least one cooling laser and the at least one trapping laser.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one trapping laser includes at least two trapping lasers, and at least one of the two trapping laser has a lower frequency than another of the two trapping laser.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

exerting an attractive force on the atom using at least one of the trapping lasers; and

exerting a repelling force on the atom using at least another of the trapping lasers.

17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising repelling the atom to counter a Van der Waals attraction using a single trapping laser.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the atom is a rubidium atom.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the atom is a cesium atom.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out a quantum computing method, the method comprising:

tuning a whispering-gallery mode optical resonator to support a resonance frequency associated with a transition frequency of an atom, the optical resonator being configured to define a closed loop-like mode including an evanescent field portion;

controlling operation of at least one trapping laser to cause the atom to be trapped adjacent the optical resonator and within the evanescent field portion;

providing, based on an atom presence signal from at least one optical atom presence detector, an indication that the atom is trapped adjacent the optical resonator; and

controlling operation of at least one cooling laser to cool the atom, wherein the at least one cooling laser is configured to manipulate a state of the atom to thereby cool the atom.