Regulator with improved turndown

1. A regulator comprising:

a regulator body defining an inlet and an outlet;

a seat disposed within the regulator body, along a flow path between the inlet and the outlet;

a plug assembly that is moveable relative to the seat to regulate flow along the flow path, the plug assembly including a plug and a peripheral sealing element; and

a cage having a peripheral wall that defines a central opening and includes a plurality of cage apertures that extend through the peripheral wall, the cage surrounding the flow path adjacent to the seat and being configured to moveably receive the plug within the central opening;

wherein the peripheral sealing element is configured to contact an inner surface of the peripheral wall over a range of travel of the plug assembly to vary a magnitude of a flow area of the cage apertures that is included in the flow path depending on the position of the plug assembly along the range of travel, the inner surface defining a sealing portion, a clearance portion that is farther from the seat than is the sealing portion, and a tapered transition portion extending between the sealing portion and the clearance portion, the sealing portion being configured to provide a first radial clearance relative to the peripheral sealing element that is smaller in a radial direction than a second radial clearance provided by the clearance portion relative to the peripheral sealing element, and at least one of the plurality of cage apertures extending from the clearance portion through the tapered transition portion and into the sealing portion to permit flow through the cage at the sealing portion.

2. The regulator of claim 1 , wherein the plug assembly is moveable between a first position along the range of travel, in which the flow area is a first flow area, and a second position along the range of travel, in which the plug assembly is farther from the seat than in the first position and the flow area is a second flow area that is larger than the first flow area.

3. The regulator of claim 2 , wherein, with the plug assembly in the first position, at least part of a sealing area of the peripheral sealing element is not axially aligned with the cage apertures;

wherein, with the plug assembly in the second position, an upstream edge of the sealing area of the peripheral sealing element is axially aligned with the cage apertures.

4. The regulator of claim 3 , wherein the plug assembly is also movable to a third position along the range of travel, in which the plug assembly is farther from the seat than in the first and second positions; and

wherein, movement of the plug assembly from the second position to the third position causes a non-linear increase in the flow area relative to the movement of the plug assembly.

5. The regulator of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the cage apertures includes an upstream portion and a downstream portion, the downstream portion having a larger circumferential dimension than the upstream portion.

6. The regulator of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral sealing element is configured to contact the inner surface along the sealing portion to block flow across the seat; and

wherein the peripheral sealing element is substantially clear of the inner surface along the clearance portion to permit flow across the seat.

7. The regulator of claim 1 , wherein the inner surface at the sealing portion has a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the inner surface at the clearance portion.

8. The regulator of claim 1 , wherein the plug assembly defines a circumferential groove and the peripheral sealing element is retained by the groove.

9. The regulator of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral sealing element is biased radially outwardly relative to the plug.

10. The regulator of claim 9 , wherein the peripheral sealing element includes a ring having an outer diameter that is larger than the diameter of the plug; and

wherein one or more resilient members are disposed within a groove of the plug assembly to bias the ring radially outwardly.

11. The regulator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the cage apertures includes a downstream portion and an upstream portion, with a flow profile of the downstream portion being different than a flow profile of the upstream portion.

12. The regulator of claim 11 , wherein the downstream portion includes a first portion with a first width and the upstream portion includes a second portion with a second width, the first width being larger than the second width, and the first portion being continuous with the second portion.

13. The regulator of claim 11 , wherein the cage is configured to be selectively installed in the regulator body in either of a first orientation or a second orientation that is reversed relative to the first orientation; and

wherein the flow area changes differently depending on the position of the plug assembly along the range of travel, depending on whether the cage is installed in the first orientation or the second orientation.

14. The regulator of claim 1 , wherein the cage apertures include slots that extend between a first end of the cage and a second end of the cage.

15. The regulator of claim 14 , wherein each slot of a plurality of the slots extend axially into a low flow portion of the cage, within which the peripheral sealing element is configured to sealingly contact the inner surface.

16. The regulator of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of slots exhibit a plurality of different lengths of axial extension into the low flow portion of the cage.

17. A regulator comprising:

a regulator body defining an inlet and an outlet;

a seat disposed within the regulator body, along a flow path between the inlet and the outlet;

a plug moveable relative to the seat to regulate flow along the flow path, the plug defining a circumferential groove that retains a peripheral sealing element; and

an annular cage disposed between the inlet and the outlet, the annular cage defining a central opening that moveably receives the plug so that the peripheral sealing element and a radially inner surface of the annular cage collectively define a flow characterization for flow along the flow path past the seat, the flow characterization varying based on a position of the plug relative to the seat,

wherein the annular cage is configured to be selectively installed in the regulator body in either of a first orientation or a second orientation that is reversed relative to the first orientation; and

wherein the flow characterization varies differently, based on the position of the plug relative to the seat, depending on whether the annular cage is installed in the first orientation or the second orientation.

18. The regulator of claim 17 , wherein, in at least one of the first orientation or the second orientation, the radially inner surface includes a first sealing portion adjacent a first end of the annular cage and a clearance portion disposed downstream of the sealing portion;

wherein the first sealing portion has a smaller diameter than the clearance portion and the annular cage defines a first transition portion between the sealing portion and the clearance portion; and

wherein, the peripheral sealing element is configured to be substantially clear of the clearance portion when axially aligned with the clearance portion; and

wherein, as the plug moves the peripheral sealing element axially along the first transition portion in a closing direction, the first transition portion increasingly compresses the peripheral sealing element radially inwardly toward the plug.

19. A trim assembly for a regulator, the trim assembly comprising:

a cage including a peripheral wall defining an opening and a plurality of cage apertures formed in the peripheral wall, the opening defining a radially inner surface including a sealing portion at a first end of the cage and having a first internal diameter, a clearance portion spaced from the sealing portion and having a second internal diameter larger than the first internal diameter, and a tapered transition portion extending between the sealing portion and the clearance portion, at least one of the plurality of cage apertures extending axially from the sealing portion to the clearance portion for flow through the peripheral wall of the cage; and

a plug including a sealing element, the plug being configured to be moveably received within the opening to move along a range of travel so that the sealing element contacts a radially inner surface of the cage to vary an effective flow area through the plurality of cage apertures based on the position of the plug along the range of travel.

20. The trim assembly of claim 19 , wherein the plurality of cage apertures includes a first aperture that includes, along the sealing portion, a narrower portion relative to a circumferential direction and includes, along the clearance portion, a wider portion relative to the circumferential direction.