Injectable porous hydrogels
Injectable macroporous hydrogels, and methods of producing same, are described. The injectable macroporous hydrogels may be formed by mixing gelatin microgels with an enzyme. In at least some embodiments, the enzyme may be transglutaminase, and more specifically microbial transglutaminase (mTG).
1. A method for producing a porous hydrogel, the method comprising:
preparing gelatin/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microgels comprising gelatin and GelMA, wherein the gelatin/GelMA microgels have an average diameter between 130 μm and 250 μm when in a hydrated state;
preparing a microgel solution comprising the gelatin/GelMA microgels, cross-linking enzyme comprising transglutaminase, and photoinitiator present at a concentration range of 0.001% to 0.1% (w/v) to minimize cytotoxic effects on live cells; and
curing the microgel solution by contacting the gelatin/GelMA microgels with ultraviolet (UV) light for a time effective for the photoinitiator to activate cross-linking of the gelatin/GelMA microgels, to produce a porous hydrogel having a porosity sufficient for cell migration and proliferation in the interstitial space of the porous hydrogel.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transglutaminase is microbial transglutaminase (mTG).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein curing the microgel solution comprises incubating the microgel solution at about 37° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photoinitiator comprises at least one of Irgacure 2959, vitamin B12, and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP).
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: preparing the microgel solution to further comprise one or more live cells.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more live cells comprise one or more stem cells.
7. A microgel solution, comprising:
(a) gelatin/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microgels comprising gelatin and GelMA, wherein the gelatin/GelMA microgels have an average diameter between 130 μm and 250 μm, the average diameter of the microgels being sufficient to create an interstitial space in a resulting hydrogel of sufficient porosity for cell migration and proliferation;
(b) cross-linking enzyme comprising transglutaminase; and
(c) photoinitiator present at a concentration range of 0.001% to 0.1% (w/v) to minimize cytotoxic effects on live cells.
8. The microgel solution of claim 7 , wherein the cross-linking enzyme further comprises one or more of genipin, factor XIIIa and horse radish peroxidase (HRP).
9. The microgel solution of claim 7 , further comprising an antioxidant agent.
10. The microgel solution of claim 7 , further comprising one or more live cells.
11. A method of delivering one or more live cells into a subject, the method comprising:
(a) preparing a microgel solution comprising:
gelatin/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microgels comprising gelatin and GelMA, wherein the gelatin/GelMA microgels have an average diameter between 130 μm and 250 μm,
(ii) cross-linking enzyme comprising transglutaminase,
(iii) photoinitiator present at a concentration range of 0.001% to 0.1% (w/v) to minimize cytotoxic effects on live cells, and
(iv) one or more live cells;
(b) administering the microgel solution to a target in a subject where the one or more live cells are intended to be delivered to the subject; and
(c) curing the microgel solution by contacting the gelatin/GelMA microgels with ultraviolet (UV) light for a time effective for the photoinitiator to activate cross-linking of the gelatin/GelMA microgels, to produce a porous hydrogel that is adhered by transglutaminase cross-linking to the target and having a porosity sufficient for cell migration and proliferation of the one or more live cells in the interstitial space of the porous hydrogel.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more live cells comprise one or more stem cells.
13. The microgel solution of claim 7 , wherein the microgel solution comprises 0.05% (w/v) concentration of the photoinitiator.
14. The microgel solution of claim 7 , where the transglutaminase is microbial transglutaminase (mTG).
15. The method of claim 11 , where the transglutaminase is microbial transglutaminase (mTG).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gelatin/GelMA microgels are prepared from lyophilized gelatin/GelMA microgels.
17. The microgel solution of claim 7 , wherein the gelatin/GelMA microgels are hydrated from lyophilized gelatin/GelMA microgels.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein, the gelatin/GelMA microgels are prepared from lyophilized gelatin/GelMA microgels.
19. The microgel solution of claim 7 , wherein the microgel solution comprises 0.02% to 0.08% (w/v) concentration of the photoinitiator.
20. The method of claim 7 , wherein the microgel solution comprises 0.02% to 0.08% (w/v) concentration of the photoinitiator.