Methods and systems for rapid detection of microorganisms using infectious agents
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for rapid detection of microorganisms in a sample, without culturing for enrichment of the microorganism. A modified bacteriophage is also disclosed which comprises a non-native indicator gene in the late gene region. The indicator product is not a fusion protein. The specificity of infectious agents allows a specific microorganism to be targeted, and an indicator signal may be amplified to optimize assay sensitivity.
1. A method for detecting a bacterium of interest in a sample, the method comprising the steps of:
incubating at least one bacterium with a plurality of a bacteriophage genetically engineered to have an indicator gene inserted into a late gene region of the bacteriophage, wherein the indicator gene encodes a luciferase protein such that the luciferase protein is expressed during the replication of the bacteriophage and the luciferase protein does not form a fusion protein with a native gene product, and wherein the incubating step is performed at a temperature that is at least 37 degrees Celsius and no greater than 45 degrees Celsius; and
detecting the luciferase protein,
wherein detection of the luciferase protein indicates that the bacterium is present in the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein expression of the luciferase protein is driven by a viral capsid promoter and the luciferase is not incorporated into the structure of the bacteriophage.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed without culturing for enrichment of bacteria in the sample.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteriophage express a luciferase protein.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteriophage is T4 phage.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is E. coli.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein transcription of the indicator gene is driven by a constitutive bacterial promoter.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises isolating the bacterium from other components in the sample before contacting with the plurality of the bacteriophage.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the isolating the bacterium comprises binding of the bacterium to a binding agent; or wherein the step of isolating the bacterium comprises contacting the bacterium with a binding agent that is bound to a solid support.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the binding agent is an antibody specific for the bacterium.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein isolating comprises concentrating the bacterium from the sample on a bacteriological filter.