Automated transitive read-behind analysis in big data toxicology

1. A method comprising:

receiving a first indication of a first proposed chemical composition;

generating a first predicted toxicity score for the first proposed chemical composition by performing, by operation of one or more computer processors, a probabilistic read-across analysis on the first proposed chemical composition, wherein performing the probabilistic read-across analysis comprises:

identifying, based on a knowledge graph, at least one similar composition that is structurally similar to the first proposed chemical composition, wherein the knowledge graph comprises:

a plurality of nodes, each respective node corresponding to a respective chemical composition, and

a plurality of edges indicating learned structural similarity among chemical compositions, wherein at least one of the plurality of edges comprises a strength defined based on regulatory similarity, with respect to at least one regulatory body, between corresponding chemical compositions;

identifying a set of chemical reactions that include the at least one similar composition;

determining one or more products of the identified set of chemical reactions; and

determining a toxicity of at least one of the one or more products; and

returning the first predicted toxicity score;

receiving a second indication of a second proposed chemical composition, wherein the second proposed chemical composition comprises a modification to the first proposed chemical composition selected based on the first predicted toxicity score; and

generating a second predicted toxicity score for the second proposed chemical composition, wherein the second predicted toxicity score provides an understanding regarding potential risks of the second proposed chemical composition and can be used to ensure that the second proposed chemical composition will not be potentially dangerous or toxic.

2. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising:

receiving information about a plurality of chemical compositions, the information including environmental and toxicological effects of each of the plurality of chemical compositions;

receiving information about a plurality of chemical reactions possible among the plurality of chemical compositions; and

generating the knowledge graph reflecting the plurality of chemical compositions and the plurality of chemical reactions.

3. The method of claim 2 , the method further comprising generating one or more connections in the knowledge graph based on similarity between each of the plurality of chemical compositions, wherein the similarity includes:

(i) a structural similarity;

(ii) a toxicological similarity;

(iii) an environmental similarity; and

(iv) a regulatory similarity.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the probabilistic read-across analysis on the proposed chemical composition comprises recursively traversing the knowledge graph by:

identifying a respective plurality of similar compositions that are structurally similar to the proposed chemical composition;

identifying, for each respective similar composition of the respective plurality of similar compositions, a respective set of chemical reactions;

determining one or more products of each respective chemical reaction in the respective set of chemical reactions; and

determining respective toxicities of each of the one or more products.

5. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising:

generating a gap measure based on the probabilistic read-across analysis; and

upon determining that the gap measure exceeds a predefined threshold, generating an alert indicating that using the proposed chemical composition is uncertain.

6. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising:

generating, based on the probabilistic read-across analysis, a predicted likelihood that the proposed chemical composition will be regulated by a relevant government entity.

7. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising:

generating a confidence value for the predicted toxicity score, based on the probabilistic read-across analysis; and

upon determining that the confidence value is above a predefined threshold, generating an alert indicating that using the proposed chemical composition is dangerous.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code embodied therewith, the computer-readable program code executable by one or more computer processors to perform an operation comprising:

receiving an indication of a proposed chemical composition;

generating a predicted toxicity score for the proposed chemical composition by performing, by operation of one or more computer processors, a probabilistic read-across analysis on the proposed chemical composition, wherein performing the probabilistic read-across analysis comprises:

identifying, based on a knowledge graph, at least one similar composition that is structurally similar to the proposed chemical composition, wherein the knowledge graph comprises:

a plurality of nodes, each respective node corresponding to a respective chemical composition, and

a plurality of edges indicating learned structural similarity among chemical compositions, wherein at least one of the plurality of edges comprises a strength defined based on regulatory similarity, with respect to at least one regulatory body, between corresponding chemical compositions;

identifying a set of chemical reactions that include the at least one similar composition;

determining one or more products of the identified set of chemical reactions; and

determining a toxicity of at least one of the one or more products; and

returning the predicted toxicity score, wherein the predicted toxicity score provides an understanding regarding potential risks of the proposed chemical composition and can be used to ensure that the proposed chemical composition will not be potentially dangerous or toxic.

9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , the operation further comprising:

receiving information about a plurality of chemical compositions, the information including environmental and toxicological effects of each of the plurality of chemical compositions;

receiving information about a plurality of chemical reactions possible among the plurality of chemical compositions; and

generating the knowledge graph reflecting the plurality of chemical compositions and the plurality of chemical reactions.

10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 9 , the operation further comprising generating one or more connections in the knowledge graph based on similarity between each of the plurality of chemical compositions, wherein the similarity includes:

(i) a structural similarity;

(ii) a toxicological similarity;

(iii) an environmental similarity; and

(iv) a regulatory similarity.

11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , wherein performing the probabilistic read-across analysis on the proposed chemical composition comprises recursively traversing the knowledge graph by:

identifying a respective plurality of similar compositions that are structurally similar to the proposed chemical composition;

identifying, for each respective similar composition of the respective plurality of similar compositions, a respective set of chemical reactions;

determining one or more products of each respective chemical reaction in the respective set of chemical reactions; and

determining respective toxicities of each of the one or more products.

12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , the operation further comprising:

generating a gap measure based on the probabilistic read-across analysis; and

upon determining that the gap measure exceeds a predefined threshold, generating an alert indicating that using the proposed chemical composition is uncertain.

13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , the operation further comprising:

generating, based on the probabilistic read-across analysis, a predicted likelihood that the proposed chemical composition will be regulated by a relevant government entity.

14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , the operation further comprising:

generating a confidence value for the predicted toxicity score, based on the probabilistic read-across analysis; and

upon determining that the confidence value is above a predefined threshold, generating an alert indicating that using the proposed chemical composition is dangerous.

15. A system comprising:

one or more computer processors; and

a memory containing a program which when executed by the one or more computer processors performs an operation, the operation comprising:

receiving an indication of a proposed chemical composition;

generating a predicted toxicity score for the proposed chemical composition by performing a probabilistic read-across analysis on the proposed chemical composition, wherein performing the probabilistic read-across analysis comprises:

identifying, based on a knowledge graph, at least one similar composition that is structurally similar to the proposed chemical composition, wherein the knowledge graph comprises:

a plurality of nodes, each respective node corresponding to a respective chemical composition, and

a plurality of edges indicating learned structural similarity among chemical compositions, wherein at least one of the plurality of edges comprises a strength defined based on regulatory similarity, with respect to at least one regulatory body, between corresponding chemical compositions;

identifying a set of chemical reactions that include the at least one similar composition;

determining one or more products of the identified set of chemical reactions; and

determining a toxicity of at least one of the one or more products; and

returning the predicted toxicity score, wherein the predicted toxicity score provides an understanding regarding potential risks of the proposed chemical composition and can be used to ensure that the proposed chemical composition will not be potentially dangerous or toxic.

16. The system of claim 15 , the operation further comprising:

receiving information about a plurality of chemical compositions, the information including environmental and toxicological effects of each of the plurality of chemical compositions;

receiving information about a plurality of chemical reactions possible among the plurality of chemical compositions;

generating the knowledge graph reflecting the plurality of chemical compositions and the plurality of chemical reactions; and

generating one or more connections in the knowledge graph based on similarity between each of the plurality of chemical compositions, wherein the similarity includes:

(i) a structural similarity;

(ii) a toxicological similarity;

(iii) an environmental similarity; and

(iv) a regulatory similarity.

17. The system of claim 15 , wherein performing the probabilistic read-across analysis on the proposed chemical composition comprises recursively traversing the knowledge graph by:

identifying a respective plurality of similar compositions that are structurally similar to the proposed chemical composition;

identifying, for each respective similar composition of the respective plurality of similar compositions, a respective set of chemical reactions;

determining one or more products of each respective chemical reaction in the respective set of chemical reactions; and

determining respective toxicities of each of the one or more products.

18. The system of claim 15 , the operation further comprising:

generating a gap measure based on the probabilistic read-across analysis; and

upon determining that the gap measure exceeds a predefined threshold, generating an alert indicating that using the proposed chemical composition is uncertain.

19. The system of claim 15 , the operation further comprising:

generating, based on the probabilistic read-across analysis, a predicted likelihood that the proposed chemical composition will be regulated by a relevant government entity.

20. The system of claim 15 , the operation further comprising:

generating a confidence value for the predicted toxicity score, based on the probabilistic read-across analysis; and

upon determining that the confidence value is above a predefined threshold, generating an alert indicating that using the proposed chemical composition is dangerous.