Inspiratory resistor valve system with expiratory port
An inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR may include an inspiratory port. The IRV system may include patient port. The IRV system may include a separate expiratory port. The IRV may include a plurality of atmospheric pressure sensitive valves. The plurality of atmospheric pressure sensitive valves may isolate the expiratory port and the inspiratory port from one another.
1. An inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR, comprising:
an inspiratory port;
a patient port;
a separate expiratory port;
a first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve that permits inspiratory flow through the inspiratory port when open;
a second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve that permits expiratory flow through the expiratory port, wherein one or both of the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve and the second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve isolate the expiratory port and the inspiratory port from one another; and
a safety check valve having a cracking pressure of between about −5 and −20 mm Hg, the safety check valve being configured to open to permit inspiratory flow to flow from the inspiratory port through the patient port during spontaneous inspiration of a patient while the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve remains closed.
2. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 1 , wherein:
the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve, the second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve, and the safety check valve are concentrically arranged.
3. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 1 , wherein:
the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve, the second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve, and the safety check valve are concentrically arranged with the patient port.
4. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 1 , wherein:
the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve and the second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve occlude the expiratory port during positive pressure breath delivery and occlude the inspiratory port and open the expiratory port to enable egress of respiratory gases from a patient's lung during expiration or chest compressions.
5. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 1 , wherein:
between 2 and 10 cm of water of expiratory resistance is provided by one or both of a filter interfaced with the expiratory port and a third pressure sensitive valve.
6. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 1 , wherein:
each of the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve, the second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve, and the safety check valve comprise one-way valves selected from a group consisting of: a duckbill valve, a ball valve, an annular valve, a circular valve, a butterfly valve, a check valve, a balloon valve, a mushroom valve, a fish mouth valve, and a disk valve.
7. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 1 , wherein:
the second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve operates as a non-rebreather valve that enables substantially resistance-free positive pressure ventilation from the inspiratory port to the patient port.
8. An inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR, comprising:
an inspiratory port;
a patient port;
a separate expiratory port;
a non-rebreather valve that moves between a first position and a second position, wherein:
in the first position, the non-rebreather valve enables expiratory fluids to be expelled through the expiratory port and prevents the expiratory fluids from flowing to the inspiratory port when the pressure in the patient port is greater than atmospheric pressure; and
in the second position enables inspiratory flow to pass into the patient port while occluding the expiratory port when the pressure in the patient port is less than atmospheric pressure;
an atmospheric pressure sensitive valve that permits inspiratory flow through the inspiratory port when open; and
a safety check valve having a cracking pressure of between about −5 and −20 cm H 2 O, the safety check valve being configured to open to permit inspiratory flow during spontaneous inspiration of a patient while the atmospheric pressure sensitive valve remains closed.
9. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 8 , wherein:
in the first position, a portion of the non-rebreather valve is spaced apart from a valve seat formed proximate the patient port, thereby enabling expiratory gases to pass through a gap formed between the portion of the non-rebreather valve and the valve seat; and
in the second position, the portion of the non-rebreather valve is in contact with the valve seat.
10. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 8 , wherein:
in the first position, an inspiratory portion of the non-rebreather valve is closed, thereby preventing expiratory gases from passing into the inspiratory port; and
in the second position, the inspiratory portion of the non-rebreather valve is open to permit inspiratory gases to enter the patient port.
11. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 10 , wherein:
the inspiratory portion comprises a fish-mouth valve or a duck bill valve.
12. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 8 , further comprising:
a filter interfaced with the expiratory port.
13. An inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR, comprising:
an inspiratory port;
a patient port;
a separate expiratory port;
a first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve that permits inspiratory flow through the inspiratory port when open;
a second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve that permits expiratory flow through the expiratory port, wherein one or both of the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve and the second atmospheric pressure sensitive valve isolate the expiratory port and the inspiratory port from one another; and
a safety check valve having a cracking pressure of between about −5 and −20 mm Hg, the safety check valve being configured to open to permit inspiratory flow during spontaneous inspiration of a patient while the first atmospheric pressure sensitive valve remains closed.
14. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 13 , wherein:
when open, the safety check valve permits inspiratory flow to be introduced to the patient port via the inspiratory port.
15. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 13 , further comprising:
at least one spontaneous inspiration port that is fluidly coupled with an outside environment, wherein when open, the safety check valve permits inspiratory flow to be introduced to the patient port via the at least one spontaneous inspiration port.
16. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 13 , wherein:
inspiratory flow is introduced to the patient port via the expiratory port during spontaneous inspiration of the patient.
17. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 13 , wherein:
the safety check valve is biased in a closed position by a spring.
18. The inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR of claim 13 , further comprising:
a physiological sensor disposed in one or both of the inspiratory port and the patient port.