Torch stinger method and apparatus
A torch stinger apparatus may comprise one or more sets of plasma generating electrodes and at least one hydrocarbon injector contained within the electrodes. The electrodes may be concentric. The at least one hydrocarbon injector may be cooled. A method of making carbon particles using the apparatus is also described.
1. A process for making carbon black particles, comprising:
generating a plasma arc in a reactor with concentric plasma generating electrodes; and
injecting a hydrocarbon into the reactor to form the carbon black particles, wherein the hydrocarbon is injected into the reactor through at least one hydrocarbon injector located within the concentric plasma generating electrodes, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon injector is cooled using a cooling liquid in thermal contact with the plasma arc, and wherein heat transferred to the cooling liquid from the plasma arc is less than about 20% of total energy input into the process.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein a tip of the hydrocarbon injector extends beyond an end plane of the concentric plasma generating electrodes.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein a tip of the hydrocarbon injector is surrounded by an electrode of the concentric plasma generating electrodes.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein a tip of the hydrocarbon injector is located within at most 446 millimeters (mm) of an end plane of the concentric plasma generating electrodes.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid comprises water.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbon black particles have a lattice constant (L c ) greater than about 3.5 nm and a d002 value of less than about 0.36 nm.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrocarbon injector is located centrally within the concentric plasma generating electrodes.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein temperature centrally within the concentric plasma generating electrodes is less than half of a temperature of the plasma arc.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is natural gas.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon injected into the reactor forms the carbon black particles and hydrogen.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the carbon black particles and hydrogen are produced at greater than 95% yield.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein a nitrogen surface area (N2SA) of the carbon black particles is between about 15 m 2 /g and 150 m 2 /g.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of the carbon black particles is between about 15 m 2 /g and 150 m 2 /g.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption of the carbon black particles is greater than about 32 ml/100 g.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heat transferred to the cooling liquid from the plasma arc is less than about 5% of total energy input into the process.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the heat transferred to the cooling liquid from the plasma arc is less than or equal to about 2% of total energy input into the process.