Modulation of extracellular vesicles with electrical stimulation
Methods for modulating the release and content of extracellular vesicles from target cells using electrical stimulation are provided. Compositions comprising extracellular vesicles or extracts of extracellular vesicles and methods of administering the compositions to a subject are also provided.
1. A method of obtaining extracellular vesicles derived from a target cell exposed to electrical stimulation, wherein said method comprises:
(a) electrically stimulating said target cell in culture at 0.002 mV/mm to 5 mV/mm or at 4 mV/mm to 6 mV/mm, wherein said target cell releases said extracellular vesicles, and
(b) collecting said extracellular vesicles from said target cell in culture,
wherein said target cell is a cancer cell, a central nervous system neuron or glial cell, an immune system cell, a neural cell, a glial cell, or an endothelial cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrically stimulating said target cell comprises applying an electrical field to said target cell at a frequency of between 0.001 Hz to 1000 Hz at 0.002 mV/mm to 5 mV/mm for about 1 to about 5 minutes.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said electric field is a uniform electric potential field.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrically stimulating said target cell comprises applying patterned pulses.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrically stimulating said target cell comprises electrically stimulating an organ or portion of an organ containing said target cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrically stimulating said target cell comprises stimulating a brain slice in vitro.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said target cell is a central nervous system glial cell.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said target cell is an astrocyte.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said target cell is a cancer cell.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said target cell is a central nervous system neuron.