Compositions and related methods for controlling vector-borne diseases
Provided herein are agents, compositions, and methods useful for animal health, e.g., for altering the level, activity, or metabolism of one or more microorganisms resident in a host insect (e.g., arthropod, e.g., insect, e.g., pathogen vector), the alteration resulting in a decrease in the fitness of the host. The invention features a composition that includes an agent (e.g., phage, peptide, small molecule, antibiotic, or combinations thereof) that can alter the host's microbiota in a manner that is detrimental to the host. By disrupting microbial levels, microbial activity, microbial metabolism, or microbial diversity, the agents described herein may be used to decrease the fitness of a variety of insects that carry vector-borne pathogens that cause disease in animals.
1. A method of modulating the fitness of an insect, wherein the method comprises: contacting an insect with an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one phage that reduces the level, activity, or metabolism of a bacterium in or on an insect, wherein the reduction results in a modulation of the insect's fitness, relative to an insect not contacted with the composition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulation is (a) an increase of the insect's fitness, or (b) a decrease in the insect's fitness.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprising at least one phage reduces the level, activity, or metabolism of the bacterium, relative to a bacterium not contacted with the composition.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is a pathogenic, commensal, or symbiotic bacterium in or on the insect.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulation is an increased survival rate of the insect.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulation is a decreased survival rate of the insect.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Staphylococcus spp., Wolbachia spp., Burkholderia spp., Paenibacillus spp., Xanthomonas spp., Pectobacterium spp., Ralstonia spp., Streptomyces spp., Escherichia spp., Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Lactobacilli spp., Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Serratia spp., Enterbacterioaceae spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Wigglesworthia spp., Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Cedecea spp., Ewingella spp., Bacillus spp., Comamonas spp., and Vagococcus spp.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insect is selected from the group consisting of the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one phage comprises: (a) at least one naturally occurring phage; (b) at least one engineered phage; or (c) a combination of (a) and (b).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one phage comprises: (a) at least one lytic phage; (b) at least one non-lytic (lysogenic) phage; or (c) a combination of (a) and (b).
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one phage comprises at least one phage that is selected from a heterogeneous phage library and that is specific for a single target bacterium.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one phage comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of the phage orders Tectiviridae, Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, Caudovirales, Lipothrixviridae, Rudiviridae, and Ligamenvirales, and the phage families Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, Lipothrixviridae, Rudiviridae, Ampullaviridae, Bicaudaviridae, Clavaviridae, Corticoviridae, Cystoviridae, Fuselloviridae, Gluboloviridae, Guttaviridae, Inoviridae, Leviviridae, Microviridae, Plasmaviridae, and Tectiviridae.