Tumor margin assessment

1. A system for determining a tissue type of a tissue region of a tissue, the system comprising:

an optical probe comprising a distal end and at least three optical fibers, each optical fiber having a distal end disposed at the distal end of the optical probe and a proximal end that is in optical communication with a spectral measurement system,

wherein the spectral measurement system comprises at least one optical source and at least one optical detector,

wherein each proximal end of each optical fiber is in optical communication with one of the at least one optical source or one of the at least one optical detector, and

wherein each distal end of each optical fiber is arranged at the distal end of the optical probe such that when the tissue region is in contact with the distal end of the optical probe, a plurality of intersecting optical paths are defined within the tissue region between the at least one optical source and the at least one optical detector; and

a processor in communication with the spectral measurement system, the processor configured to:

cause the spectral measurement system to generate spectral measurement data corresponding to each of the plurality of intersecting optical paths,

generate from the spectral measurement data a tissue signal indicative of a tissue type for the respective optical path,

compare each tissue signal with a reference threshold for the tissue type,

compare each tissue signal with an average of tissue signals of the plurality of intersecting optical paths, and

identify at least a portion of the tissue region as the tissue type if i) every tissue signal in the tissue region indicates that its corresponding tissue is not the tissue type in the comparison with the reference threshold and ii) at least one of the tissue signals in the tissue region lies between the average of the tissue signals and the reference threshold, and a difference between the at least one tissue signal and the average of the tissue signals exceeds a predetermined value.

2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the reference threshold is an inter-patient reference threshold that discriminates between the tissue type and a different tissue type in a plurality of different patients.

3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the reference threshold is a personal reference threshold that discriminates between the tissue type and a different tissue type and is derived from the same patient as each tissue signal.

4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the tissue region that is identified as the tissue type is the portion of the tissue region corresponding to the optical path of the at least one of the tissue signals.

5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the tissue region that is identified as the tissue type is the entire tissue region.

6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:

store each tissue signal for a tissue region corresponding to a current position of the optical probe on the tissue, and for one or more tissue regions corresponding to one or more earlier positions of the optical probe on the tissue, and

determine the predetermined value used for the current position of the optical probe based on the tissue signals for the one or more tissue regions (TR′) corresponding to the one or more earlier positions of the optical probe (OP).

7. The system according to claim 6 , wherein the processor is configured to determine the predetermined value used for the current position of the optical probe based on a variation of the tissue signals at the one or more tissue regions corresponding to the one or more earlier positions of the optical probe.

8. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the tissue signal is indicative of one of healthy tissue, benign tissue, malignant or tumor tissue, fat tissue, muscle tissue, collagen tissue, elastin tissue, nerve tissue, liver tissue, colon tissue, lung tissue, or brain tissue.

9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to provide an indication of an optical parameter of the tissue region, wherein the optical parameter is at least one of: fat content, water content, beta carotene content, bile content, blood content, blood oxygenation, collagen content, methemoglobin content, and optical scattering.

10. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising an interventional device with the optical probe attached to or is integrated in the interventional device.

11. The system according to claim 10 , wherein the interventional device is one of: tissue cutting device, a surgical knife, a biopsy device, a catheter, a guidewire, an electrosurgical device, an ultrasonic surgical device, a plasma surgery device, a cryosurgery device, a needle-based tissue removal device, a tissue suction device, or an ablation device.

12. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a display configured to:

display an icon indicative of the distal end of the optical probe, and an indication of each of the plurality of intersecting optical paths; and

indicate, for each intersecting optical path whether the tissue signals corresponds to the tissue type.

13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored a computer program comprising instructions which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:

cause a spectral measurement system to generate spectral measurement data corresponding to each of a plurality of intersecting optical paths and to generate from the spectral measurement data a tissue signal indicative of a tissue type for the respective optical path,

wherein the spectral measurement system comprises at least one optical source and at least one optical detector, each proximal end of each optical fiber of an optical probe is in optical communication with one of the at least one optical source or one of the at least one optical detector, each distal end of each optical fiber arranged at the distal end of the optical probe such that when the tissue region is in contact with the distal end of the optical probe, a plurality of intersecting optical paths are defined within the tissue region between the at least one optical source and the at least one optical detector;

compare each tissue signal with a reference threshold for the tissue type;

compare each tissue signal with an average of tissue signals of the plurality of intersecting optical paths; and

identify at least a portion of a tissue region as the tissue type if i) every tissue signal in the tissue region indicates that its corresponding tissue is not the tissue type in the comparison with the reference threshold and ii) at least one of the tissue signals in the tissue region lies between the average of the tissue signals and the reference threshold and a difference between the at least one tissue signal and the average of the tissue signals exceeds a predetermined value.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 13 , wherein the reference threshold is an inter-patient reference threshold that discriminates between the tissue type and a different tissue type in a plurality of different patients.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 13 , wherein the reference threshold is a personal reference threshold that discriminates between the tissue type and a different tissue type and is derived from the same patient as each tissue signal.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 13 , wherein the at least a portion of the tissue region that is identified as the tissue type is the portion of the tissue region corresponding to the optical path of the at least one of the tissue signals.

17. A computer-implemented method for determining a tissue type of a tissue region, the method comprising:

causing a spectral measurement system to generate spectral measurement data corresponding to each of a plurality of intersecting optical paths and generate from the spectral measurement data a tissue signal indicative of a tissue type for the respective optical path,

wherein the spectral measurement system comprises at least one optical source and at least one optical detector, each proximal end of each optical fiber of an optical probe is in optical communication with one of the at least one optical source or one of the at least one optical detector, each distal end of each optical fiber arranged at the distal end of the optical probe such that when the tissue region is in contact with the distal end of the optical probe, a plurality of intersecting optical paths are defined within the tissue region between the at least one optical source and the at least one optical detector;

comparing each tissue signal with a reference threshold for the tissue type;

comparing each tissue signal with an average of tissue signals of the plurality of intersecting optical paths; and

identify at least a portion of a tissue region as the tissue type if i) every tissue signal in the tissue region indicates that corresponding tissue is not the tissue type in the comparison with the reference threshold and ii) at least one of the tissue signals in the tissue region lies between the average of the tissue signals and the reference threshold, and a difference between the at least one tissue signal and the average of the tissue signals exceeds a predetermined value.

18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the reference threshold is an inter-patient reference threshold that discriminates between the tissue type and a different tissue type in a plurality of different patients.

19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the reference threshold is a personal reference threshold that discriminates between the tissue type and a different tissue type and is derived from the same patient as each tissue signal.

20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the at least a portion of the tissue region that is identified as the tissue type is the portion of the tissue region corresponding to the optical path of the at least one of the tissue signals.