Benzothiazepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators

1. A method for treating a disease or disorder in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I)

wherein

R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 1-4 alkyl;

R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, cyano, nitro, amino, N—(C 1-4 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C 1-4 alkyl)amino, and N-(aryl-C 1-4 alkyl)amino;

n is an integer 1, 2 or 3;

R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyloxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, C 3-6 cycloalkylthio, amino,

N—(C 1-4 alkyl)amino and N,N-di(C 1-4 alkyl)amino;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of: a cardiovascular disease; a disorder of fatty acid metabolism; a glucose utilization disorder; a gastrointestinal disease or disorder; a hyperabsorption syndrome; hypervitaminosis and osteopetrosis; hypertension; glomerular hyperfiltration; and pruritus of renal failure;

wherein the cardiovascular disease, disorder of fatty acid metabolism, or glucose utilization disorder is selected from the group consisting of: hypercholesterolemia; type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus; complications of diabetes; insulin resistance; hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; elevated blood levels of fatty acids or glycerol; obesity; dyslipidemia; and hyperlipidemia;

wherein the gastrointestinal disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of: constipation; Crohn's disease; primary bile acid malabsorption; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); ileal inflammation; and reflux disease and complications thereof; and

wherein the hyperabsorption syndrome is selected from the group consisting of: abetalipoproteinemia, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), chylomicron retention disease (CRD), and sitosterolemia.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complication of diabetes is selected from the group consisting of cataracts, a micro- or macrovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and delayed wound healing, tissue ischaemia, diabetic foot, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina pectoris, stable angina pectoris, stroke, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, heart rhythm disorders, and vascular restenosis.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is n-butyl.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is n-butyl.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is ethyl.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, Ci-4 haloalkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy and Ci-4 haloalkoxy.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, amino, N—(C 1-4 alkyl)amino and N,N-di(C 1-4 alkyl)amino.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, cyano, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, amino, methylamino and dimethylamino.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:

2-((3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3,3-dibutyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((5-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3-dibutyl-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3,3-dibutyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3,3-dibutyl-5-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3,3-dibutyl-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3-butyl-7-(dimethylamino)-3-ethyl-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

(S)-2-((3-butyl-7-(dimethylamino)-3-ethyl-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

(R)-2-((3-butyl-7-(dimethylamino)-3-ethyl-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3,3-dibutyl-7-fluoro-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3,3-dibutyl-7-cyano-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-7-fluoro-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3,3-dibutyl-7-chloro-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

(S)-2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

(R)-2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

(S)-2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid; and

(R)-2-((3-butyl-3-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl)oxy)acetic acid;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.