Spatial frequency filter device for use with a laser beam, spatial frequency filter assembly having such a spatial frequency filter device, and method for spatial frequency filtering of a laser beam

1. A spatial frequency filter device for use with a laser beam, the spatial frequency filter device comprising:

a neutral region, which is configured to transmit or reflect the laser beam; and

a deflecting region, which radially adjoins the neutral region and is configured to deflect beam components of the laser beam from a beam axis of the laser beam,

wherein the deflecting region has a constant portion, in which a deflecting effect on the beam components of the laser beam for each location in the constant portion is configured to be independent of a distance of a location from the neutral region, and

wherein the deflecting region has a variation portion, in which the deflecting effect on the beam components of the laser beam is configured to vary, dependent on a distance from the neutral region.

2. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the neutral region is arranged centrally and is surrounded by the deflecting region on an outside, the variation portion being arranged between the neutral region and the constant portion.

3. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in the variation portion the deflecting effect on the beam components of the laser beam is configured to increase with increasing distance from the neutral region.

4. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the deflecting region has a phase influencing structure.

5. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the phase influencing structure is formed as a diffractive deflecting structure, the diffractive deflecting structure being periodic and having in the constant portion a constant modulation amplitude, the modulation amplitude of the diffractive deflecting structure varying in the variation portion.

6. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the deflecting effect on the beam components of the laser beam is configured to vary according to a specific function of the distance from the neutral region.

7. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the spatial frequency filter device has a filter body, on which the neutral region has been formed, the deflecting region having been applied to the filter body or incorporated in the filter body.

8. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the neutral region has a neutral width dimension, wherein:

a) the neutral width dimension is from at least 5% to at most 130%, of a beam width dimension of a laser beam to be filtered, or

b) a variation width dimension of the variation portion is from at least 10% to at most 150 of the neutral width dimension.

9. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the spatial frequency filter device is formed as a transmission stop, as a lens, as a protective glass, as a fiber end cap, or as a mirror.

10. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diffractive deflecting structure has been etched into the filter body, or has been incorporated in the filter body as a volume modification.

11. A spatial frequency filter assembly for the laser beam, having the spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , and having a constant filter device.

12. The spatial frequency filter assembly as claimed in claim 11 , comprising a first converging lens, which is arranged downstream of the spatial frequency filter device in a direction of beam propagation of the laser beam.

13. The spatial frequency filter assembly as claimed in claim 11 , comprising a second converging lens, which is arranged upstream of the spatial frequency filter device in a direction of beam propagation of the laser beam.

14. A method for spatial frequency filtering of a laser beam, the method comprising:

a) passing the laser beam through a neutral region of a spatial frequency filter device; or

b) reflecting the laser beam by the neutral region of the spatial frequency filter device; wherein

beam components of the laser beam are deflected from a beam axis of the laser beam in a deflecting region radially adjoining the neutral region,

wherein in a constant portion of the deflecting region, the beam components are deflected with a constant deflecting effect independently of a distance from the neutral region, and

wherein in a variation portion of the deflecting region, the beam components are deflected with a varying deflecting effect in dependence on a distance from the neutral region.

15. The method as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the deflecting region has a diffractive deflecting structure, a zero diffraction order being suppressed by the diffractive deflecting structure.

16. The spatial frequency filter device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the deflecting effect on the beam components of the laser beam is configured to vary according to a Gaussian function or according to a linear function.