Closed-loop extended reality stimulus presentation and perception feedback using multi-channel physiological signals
In example embodiments, a method includes obtaining a first measurement of at least a first physiological parameter of a user from a time before presentation of an information item to the user. The information item may be, for example, a notification, an advertisement, or an emergency alert, among other possibilities. A second measurement of the first physiological parameter is obtained from a time after a beginning of the presentation of the information item to the user (e.g. during the presentation). Based at least on a comparison between the first and second measurements, a determination is made of whether the user has perceived the information item. The determination may also be based on a corruption coefficient indicating an amount by which an activity of the user is likely to interfere with the first physiological parameter.
1. A method comprising:
obtaining a first signal representing a change in a first physiological parameter of the user between a time before and a time after presentation of an information item to the user is initiated;
obtaining a second signal representing a change in a second physiological parameter of the user between a time before and a time after presentation of the information item to the user is initiated;
determining whether the user has perceived the information item, wherein the determination is based at least on the first signal, the second signal, and information indicating an amount of corruption of at least one of the first and second signals caused by a current activity of the user.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the first signal comprises:
obtaining a first measurement of the first physiological parameter of a user from a time before presentation of the information item to the user;
obtaining a second measurement of the first physiological parameter of the user from a time after the presentation of an information item to the user is initiated; and
generating the first signal based on a difference between the first measurement and the second measurement.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first signal is weighted based on a corruption coefficient associated with the current activity.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the corruption coefficient is based at least in part on an amount by which the current activity of the user interferes with the first physiological parameter.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the user has perceived the information item comprises applying a first weight to the first signal and a second weight to the second signal, the second weight being different from the first weight.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information item is a notification.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information item is presented in an extended reality (XR) experience.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first physiological parameter is a parameter selected from the group consisting of: skin conductance, photoplethysmography (PPG), electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), skin temperature, heat flux, abdominal respiration, thoracic respiration, pupillometry, and gaze tracking.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, in response to a determination that the user has perceived the information item, dismissing the information item.
10. A method comprising:
in response to a determination to present an information item to a user, initiating a first measurement of a physiological parameter of the user for a first time period;
delaying presentation of the information item to the user until after the first time period;
conducting a second measurement of the physiological parameter for a second time period after initiation of the presentation of the information item to the user; and
determining, based at least in part on a comparison between the first measurement and the second measurement, whether the user has perceived the information item.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising, in response to a determination that the user has perceived the information item, dismissing the information item.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
obtaining information indicating a current activity of a user;
wherein the determination of whether the user has perceived the information item is based at least in part on the current activity of the user.
13. An apparatus comprising a processor configured to perform at least:
obtaining a first signal representing a change in a first physiological parameter of the user between a time before and a time after presentation of an information item to the user is initiated;
obtaining a second signal representing a change in a second physiological parameter of the user between a time before and a time after presentation of the information item to the user is initiated;
determining whether the user has perceived the information item, wherein the determination is based at least on the first signal, the second signal, and information indicating an amount of corruption of at least one of the first and second signals caused by a current activity of the user.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein obtaining the first signal comprises:
obtaining a first measurement of the first physiological parameter of a user from a time before presentation of the information item to the user;
obtaining a second measurement of the first physiological parameter of the user from a time after the presentation of an information item to the user is initiated; and
generating the first signal based on a difference between the first measurement and the second measurement.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein determining whether the user has perceived the information item comprises applying a first weight to the first signal and a second weight to the second signal, the second weight being different from the first weight.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the first signal is weighted based on a corruption coefficient associated with the current activity.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the corruption coefficient is based at least in part on an amount by which the current activity of the user interferes with the first physiological parameter.
18. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the information item is a notification.
19. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the information item is presented in an extended reality (XR) experience.
20. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the information item is dismissed in response to a determination that the user has perceived the information item.