Compositions and methods for improving mitochondrial function and treating neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive disorders
Provided are compositions comprising compounds or precursors to compounds which may be used for a variety of therapeutic applications including, for example, treating and/or preventing a disease or disorder related to reduced or inadequate mitochondrial activity, including aging or stress, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The compounds relate generally to urolithins and precursors thereof, including but not limited to ellagitannins and urolithin A. In certain embodiments the compositions are presented in or as food products or nutritional supplements. These same compounds and compositions can also be used advantageously in generally healthy individuals to increase or maintain metabolic rate, decrease percent body fat, increase or maintain muscle mass, manage body weight, improve or maintain mental performance (including memory), improve or maintain muscle performance, improve or maintain mood, and manage stress.
1. A method of improving physical endurance; inhibiting or retarding physical fatigue; enhancing energy; reducing muscle fatigue; enhancing cardiac and cardiovascular function; increasing muscle ATP levels; reducing lactic acid in blood; or maintaining, supporting, or improving blood circulation, heart function, or heart muscle function; comprising administering to a human in need thereof an effective amount of a urolithin.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein physical endurance is improved.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein physical fatigue is inhibited or retarded.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein energy is enhanced.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein muscle fatigue is reduced.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein stress is reduced.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein cardiac and cardiovascular function is enhanced.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein muscle ATP levels are increased.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein lactic acid in blood is reduced.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein blood circulation is maintained, supported, or improved.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein heart function is maintained, supported, or improved.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein heart muscle function is maintained, supported, or improved.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the urolithin is urolithin A, urolithin B, urolithin C, urolithin D, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the urolithin is urolithin A.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the urolithin is administered orally.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the urolithin is administered parenterally.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the urolithin is administered topically.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the urolithin is administered as a pharmaceutical composition, a medical food, a functional food, a food additive, a dietary supplement, a food product, or a nutritional supplement; and the urolithin is urolithin A.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the urolithin is administered as a medical food, a functional food, a food additive, a dietary supplement, a food product, or a nutritional supplement; and the urolithin is urolithin A.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the urolithin is urolithin A.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the urolithin is urolithin A.