Welding method and welding apparatus
A method of welding a workpiece by using a laser is provided which includes disposing a workpiece in a region to be irradiated with laser light from a laser oscillator; and irradiating the workpiece with the laser light from the laser oscillator such that an irradiated portion of the workpiece is melted and welded while sweeping the laser light over the workpiece by relatively moving the laser light and the workpiece. The laser light is formed of a main beam and an auxiliary beam, at least part of the auxiliary beam being disposed anteriorly in a sweep direction, and the main beam has a power density equal to or greater than a power density of the auxiliary beam.
1. A method of welding a workpiece by using a laser, the method comprising:
disposing a workpiece in a region to be irradiated with laser light from at least one laser oscillator; and
irradiating the workpiece with the laser light from the laser oscillator such that an irradiated portion of the workpiece is melted and welded while sweeping the laser light over the workpiece by moving the laser light and the workpiece relative to each other, wherein:
the laser light is formed of a main beam and an auxiliary beam, at least part of the auxiliary beam being disposed anteriorly in a sweep direction of the laser light so that at least a part of the auxiliary beam is first irradiated to the workpiece and the main beam is next irradiated to the workpiece,
the auxiliary beam has a power density that causes the workpiece to melt under a presence of the main beam or with the auxiliary beam alone to form a molten pool, in which the workpiece is melted,
the main beam has a power density, that is greater than the power density of the auxiliary beam and that causes the keyhole, and
the main beam is irradiated to the workpiece before the molten pool, formed by the auxiliary beam, soldifies,
the laser light forms a shallow region in a region to be irradiated by the at least one auxiliary beam, the shallow region being a molten pool shallower than a molten pool formed in a region to be irradiated by the main beam,
a melt density region of the main beam reaches the shallow region before the shallow region formed in the region to be irradiated by the at least one auxiliary beam solidifies;
the power density of the auxiliary beam has an intensity to melt the workpiece, and suppress generation of sputter, and
a depth of the shallow region is equal to or greater than 10 μm and is equal to or less than 200 μm.
2. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the irradiating comprises irradiating the workpiece such that a keyhole is at least generated in the irradiated portion of the workpiece.
3. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the laser light further includes another auxiliary beam having a power density lower than the power density of the main beam and disposed posterior, in a sweep direction, to the main beam.
4. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the laser light further includes a yet another auxiliary beam having the power density lower than the power density of the main beam and disposed sideward in a sweep direction of the main beam.
5. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the laser light further includes a plurality of auxiliary beams including the auxiliary beam and an additional auxiliary beam each having a power density lower than the power density of the main beam and dispersed around the main beam.
6. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary beam has a ring shape surrounding the main beam, or an arc shape partially surrounding the main beam.
7. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the main beam and the auxiliary beam of the laser light are configured such that a first molten pool formed with the main beam and a second molten pool folioed with the auxiliary beam at least partially overlap with each other.
8. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the main beam and the auxiliary beam are generated from laser light emitted from a single laser oscillator.
9. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the main beam and the auxiliary beam are formed by a beam shaper disposed between the laser oscillator and the workpiece.
10. The welding method according to claim 9 , wherein the beam shaper is a diffractive optical element.
11. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein
the workpiece includes at least two members to be welded, and
the workpiece is disposed in a region to be irradiated with the laser light in the disposing step such that the at least two members are overlapped with each other, or brought into contact with each other, or adjacent to each other.
12. The welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary beam has a beam diameter equal to or greater than a beam diameter of the main beam.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power density of the auxiliary beam is less than or equal to 1×10 7 W/cm 2 .