Coating compositions, polymeric coatings, and methods

1. A polymeric coating comprising a copolymer graft-polymerized onto the surface of a medical device from at least one water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid monomer and at least one water soluble neutral monomer, wherein the at least one water soluble neutral monomer has a glass transition temperature of less than about 100° C. in homopolymeric form, and wherein the vinyl carboxylic acid monomer in the graft-polymerized copolymer is protonated.

2. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein the vinyl carboxylic acid monomer is a compound of formula (I):

and/or a salt, hydrate, solvate, tautomer, optical isomer, or combination thereof;

wherein R 1 is —COOH or —R 5 —COOH, wherein R 5 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterogeneous group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group; and

wherein R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from H, a halide, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterogeneous group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group.

3. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein the vinyl carboxylic acid monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, 2-bromoacrylic acid, 2-(bromomethyl) acrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-ethylacrylic acid, itaconic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-propylacrylic acid, sodium acrylate, sodium methacrylate, 2-(trifluoromethyl) acrylic acid, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and combinations thereof.

4. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein the neutral monomer is a compound of formula (II):

and/or a hydrate, solvate, tautomer, optical isomer, or combination thereof;

wherein R 1 is —C(O)R 5 or —R 6 (O)R 5 wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterogeneous group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group; and

wherein R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from H, a halide, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterogeneous group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group.

5. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein the neutral monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, methacrylamides, vinyl compounds, and combinations thereof.

6. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein the neutral monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.

7. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein the neutral monomer has a glass transition temperature of less than about 90° C., 80° C., 70° C., 60° C., 50° C., 40° C., 30° C., 20° C., or 10° C. in homopolymeric form.

8. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein a copolymer formed from the polymerization of the at least one vinyl carboxylic acid monomer and the at least one neutral monomer has a glass transition temperature that is lower than about 100° C.

9. The polymeric coating of claim 4 , wherein the coating comprises the vinyl carboxylic acid monomer in an amount of from about 20% to about 90% by weight and the neutral monomer in an amount of from about 10% to about 80% by weight.

10. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein the coating exhibits at least one of the following characteristics:

is inherently antimicrobial, showing a greater than about 2-log to about a 5-log reduction in microbes within about 24 hours;

is inherently antithrombogenic, optionally showing a greater than about 80% reduction relative to an uncoated surface;

releases low or no particulates, optionally releasing fewer particulates than an uncoated surface;

is lubricious;

has high resistance to cracking when expanded or inflated;

has high resistance to delamination as demonstrated by the maintenance of hydrophilicity after exposure to high shear force.

11. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , wherein exposure of the polymeric coating to an altered pH environment restores its inherent biological activity, of at least one of the following characteristics antimicrobial activity, antithrombogenicity, low to no particulate release, lubricity, resistance to cracking, and/or maintenance of hydrophilicity.

12. The polymeric coating of claim 1 , further comprising an antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of chlorhexidine, octenidine, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, polyhexamethylene biguanide, copper, zinc, silver, chlorine, fluoroquinolones, b-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and combinations thereof.

13. The polymeric coating of claim 12 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises silver ions derived from a silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver phosphate, silver citrate silver lactate, silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver chloride, silver carbonate, silver iodide, silver iodate, silver nitrate, silver laurate, silver sulfadiazine, silver palmitate, and mixtures thereof.