Hybrid pigments and methods of making same
Provided herein are hybrid pigments and methods of making the same. The hybrid pigments include a natural polyamide substrate and an acid dye disposed on the natural polyamide substrate. The hybrid pigments are biodegradable, compostable, or both, and provide an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic polymer particle-based pigments.
1. A hybrid pigment comprising:
from 90% to 99% by weight of a natural polyamide substrate; and
from 1% to 10% by weight of an acid dye disposed on the natural polyamide substrate.
2. The hybrid pigment of claim 1 , wherein the natural polyamide substrate comprises at least one of a plant-derived protein and an animal-derived protein.
3. The hybrid pigment of claim 2 , wherein the plant-derived protein comprises at least one of rice protein, hydrolyzed rice protein, soy protein, hydrolyzed soy protein, defatted soy flour, pea protein, hydrolyzed pea protein, wheat protein, hydrolyzed wheat protein, fava bean protein, hydrolyzed fava bean protein, rapeseed protein, hydrolyzed rapeseed protein, hemp protein, hydrolyzed hemp protein, quinoa protein, and hydrolyzed quinoa protein.
4. The hybrid pigment of claim 2 , wherein the animal-derived protein comprises at least one of whey protein, hydrolyzed whey protein, milk protein isolate, casein protein, hydrolyzed casein protein, egg protein, hydrolyzed egg protein, collagen protein, hydrolyzed collagen protein, keratin, feather meal, and fish meal.
5. The hybrid pigment of claim 1 , wherein the acid dye is ionically bonded to the natural polyamide substrate.
6. The hybrid pigment of claim 1 , wherein the acid dye comprises at least one of Acid Yellow 23, Acid Yellow 3, Acid Yellow 73, Acid Yellow 250, Acid Red 50, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 87, Acid Red 92, Acid Blue 9, Acid Blue 25, Acid Blue 45, Acid Red 73, Acid Green 25, Acid Violet 14, Acid Violet 43, D&C Red 40, and FD&C Green 3.
7. The hybrid pigment of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid pigment has an average particle size of less than 30 μm.
8. The hybrid pigment of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid pigment has an average particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.
9. The hybrid pigment of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid pigment is biodegradable, compostable, or both.
10. A method of making a hybrid pigment comprising:
a) preparing a suspension comprising water and a natural polyamide substrate;
b) heating the suspension with agitation;
c) adding with agitation an acid dye to the suspension;
d) separating solids from the suspension to form a wet cake;
e) drying the wet cake to form a dry cake; and
f) comminuting the dry cake to form the hybrid pigment.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
adjusting a pH of the suspension to a pH of 2.5 to 6.5 to form an acidic suspension prior to adding the acid dye.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
i) treating the suspension to remove at least a portion of soluble fractions from the natural polyamide substrate;
ii) heating the suspension with agitation to a temperature of up to no more than 100° C.;
iii) adjusting a pH of the suspension to a pH of 7.5 to 10 to form a basic suspension;
iv) heating the basic suspension to a temperature of 70° C. to 100° C.; and
v) adjusting a pH of the basic suspension to a pH of 2.5 to 6.5 to form an acidic suspension prior to adding the acid dye.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising adding with agitation a flocculant to the suspension after adding the acid dye.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the suspension further comprises at least one of a defoamer, a surfactant, and a stabilizer.
15. The method of claim 10 , further comprising adding a bleaching agent to the suspension prior to adding the acid dye.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the natural polyamide substrate is subjected to a bleaching treatment prior to preparing the suspension.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the natural polyamide substrate comprises at least one of a plant-derived protein and an animal-derived protein.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the plant-derived protein comprises at least one of rice protein, hydrolyzed rice protein, soy protein, hydrolyzed soy protein, defatted soy flour, pea protein, hydrolyzed pea protein, wheat protein, hydrolyzed wheat protein, fava bean protein, hydrolyzed fava bean protein, rapeseed protein, hydrolyzed rapeseed protein, hemp protein, hydrolyzed hemp protein, quinoa protein, and hydrolyzed quinoa protein.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the animal-derived protein comprises at least one of whey protein, hydrolyzed whey protein, milk protein isolate, casein protein, hydrolyzed casein protein, egg protein, hydrolyzed egg protein, collagen protein, hydrolyzed collagen protein, keratin, feather meal, and fish meal.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the acid dye comprises at least one of Acid Yellow 23, Acid Yellow 3, Acid Yellow 73, Acid Yellow 250, Acid Red 50, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 87, Acid Red 92, Acid Blue 9, Acid Blue 25, Acid Blue 45, Acid Red 73, Acid Green 25, Acid Violet 14, Acid Violet 43, D&C Red 40, and FD&C Green 3.
21. A cosmetic product comprising the hybrid pigment of claim 1 .
22. A fire-retardant material comprising the hybrid pigment of claim 1 .
23. A seed coating formulation comprising the hybrid pigment of claim 1 .
24. A paint or coating comprising the hybrid pigment of claim 1 .
25. A masterbatch colorant comprising the hybrid pigment of claim 1 .
26. An ink or ink base for conventional offset, rotogravure, flexographic, screen, or digital printing comprising the hybrid pigment of claim 1 .
27. A hybrid pigment comprising:
a natural polyamide substrate; and
an acid dye disposed on the natural polyamide substrate,
wherein the hybrid pigment has an average particle size of less than 30 μm.