DC-DC converter
The present invention relates to an electrical power energy converter unit for converting Direct Current to Direct Current, DC-DC, with improved efficiency and cold-start capability. In an aspect there is provided a Direct Current to Direct Current, DC-DC, converter for converting a low-voltage input to a higher-voltage output according to a conversion factor for powering a load such as a wireless sensor node, the converter comprising: a first DC-DC converter circuit arranged for converting the low-voltage input to a first higher-voltage output during a start-up mode of the load; a second DC-DC converter circuit arranged for converting the low-voltage input to a second higher-voltage output during an normal operational mode of the load; a control circuit for control of the conversion factor; wherein each of the first and second converter circuit comprises: an input stage for receiving the low-voltage input; an intermediate stage in series with the input stage for converting the low-voltage input to the first higher-voltage or second higher-voltage output circuit at a conversion factor being defined by the ratio between the input and output; a final stage in series with the intermediate stage for outputting the first higher-voltage or the second higher-voltage output; wherein each of the stages comprises: a shared capacitor for boosting voltage of said low-voltage input to said first higher-voltage output of said first converter or to said second higher-voltage output of said second converter.
1. A Direct Current to Direct Current (DC-DC) converter configured to convert a low-voltage input to a higher-voltage output according to a conversion factor for powering a load, comprising:
a first DC-DC converter circuit configured to convert the low-voltage input to a first higher-voltage output during a start-up mode of the load;
a second DC-DC converter circuit configured to convert the low-voltage input to a second higher-voltage output during a normal operational mode of the load; and
a control circuit configured to control the conversion factor;
wherein each of the first and second converter circuits comprises:
an input stage configured to receive the low-voltage input;
an intermediate stage in series with the input stage configured to convert the low-voltage input to the first higher-voltage or the second higher-voltage output circuit at the conversion factor defined by a ratio between the input and output; and
a final stage in series with the intermediate stage configured to output the first higher-voltage or the second higher-voltage output;
wherein each of the stages comprises a shared capacitor configured to boost voltage of the low-voltage input to the first higher-voltage output of the first converter and to the second higher-voltage output of the second converter.
2. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the first DC-DC converter circuit comprises a Dickson charge pump layout.
3. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the second DC-DC converter circuit comprises a Makowski charge pump layout.
4. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the second DC-DC converter circuit comprises a Series-parallel charge pump layout.
5. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second DC-DC converter circuits comprises a plurality of the intermediate stages.
6. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the control circuit comprises at least a first and a second clock signal configured to control the stages of the first DC-DC converter circuit, and wherein the second clock signal is comprised of the inverse of the first clock signal.
7. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the control circuit comprises at least a first and a second clock signal configured to control the stages of the second DC-DC converter circuit.
8. The DC-DC converter according to claim 6 , wherein the first and second clock signals of the first DC-DC converter correspond to the first and second clock signals of the second DC-DC converter, respectively.
9. The DC-DC converter according to claim 7 , wherein the first and second clock signals drive switching means of a stage of the stages of the second DC-DC converter circuit.
10. The DC-DC converter according to claim 7 , wherein the first and second clock signals drive switching means of a stage of the stages of the first DC-DC converter circuit.
11. The DC-DC converter according to claim 10 , wherein the switching means comprises charge transfer switches.
12. The DC-DC converter according to claim 11 , wherein the switching means further comprise at least one additional switch, and wherein the at least one additional switch comprises an NMOS or PMOS transistor.
13. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the capacitor of each stage, shared between the first and second DC-DC converter circuits, comprises multiple capacitors, and wherein the multiple capacitors differ in capacitance.
14. The DC-DC converter according to claim 13 , wherein the control circuit comprises additional switching means for enabling at least one capacitor of the multiple capacitors.
15. The DC-DC converter according to claim 9 , wherein the switching means comprises NMOS and/or PMOS transistors driven by the control circuit.
16. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , further comprising a voltage booster circuit configured to boost the low-voltage input to a level for switches of the control circuit to operate upon the determining the low-voltage input is below an input voltage threshold value.
17. The DC-DC converter according to claim 16 , wherein the input voltage threshold value is set to correspond to a minimum voltage level required for the clock signal to operate for driving the first DC-DC converter circuit.
18. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the load is a wireless sensor node.
19. The DC-DC converter according to claim 11 , wherein the charge transfer switches are dynamic charge transfer switches.