Isolated resonant converter and control method thereof
The present disclosure provides a single- and multi-phase DC/DC converter and a control method thereof that can offer a wide range of voltage conversion ratio by substantially reducing the switching frequency range, thereby resulting in performance improvement. Reduction in the switching frequency range is achieved by controlling the output voltage or current with a combination of variable duty ratio, variable frequency, and delay-time control.
1. An isolated resonant converter, comprising:
one or more phases, wherein each phase comprises a transformer, a set of resonant components, a set of primary side switches electrically coupling an input terminal to the transformer through the resonant components, and a set of secondary side switches electrically coupling the transformer to an output terminal; and
a control circuit electrically coupled to said one or more phases, wherein the control circuit is configured to:
detect an input voltage at the input terminal and an output voltage at the output terminal,
determine first control signals for the primary side switches and second control signals for the secondary side switches, based on a plurality of parameters including physical properties of the resonant components, the input voltage, the output voltage, and a reference voltage, and
transmit to the primary side switches the first control signals having a switching frequency and a first duty ratio, and
transmit to the secondary side switches the second control signals having the switching frequency and a second duty ratio,
wherein the second duty ratio for a first one of the secondary side switches is greater than the first duty ratio for a first corresponding one of the primary side switches, and
wherein the first and second duty ratios increase monotonously,
wherein the control circuit comprises:
a sensing and scaling circuit configured to receive the input and output voltages and to convert the input and output voltages into scaled input and output voltages;
a subtractor circuit configured to receive the scaled output voltage and to generate an error signal by subtracting the scaled output voltage from the reference voltage;
an error amplifier configured to receive the error signal and to generate an amplified and compensated error signal; and
a processor circuit configured to receive the scaled input voltage and the amplified and compensated error signal, and to generate the first and second control signals for the primary and secondary side switches based on both the scaled input voltage and the amplified and compensated error signal.
2. The isolated resonant converter of claim 1 , wherein the second duty ratio for a second one of the secondary side switches is defined with respect to a turning off instant of a second corresponding one of the primary side switches.
3. The isolated resonant converter of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is further configured to detect an electric current flowing through each of said one or more phases.
4. The isolated resonant converter of claim 3 , wherein the second duty ratio for a second one of the secondary side switches is defined with respect to a positive-to-negative or negative-to-positive zero crossing instant of the electric current.
5. The isolated resonant converter of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit further comprises a zero-current detector (ZCD) configured to detect an electric current signal flowing through each of said one or more phases.
6. The isolated resonant converter of claim 5 , wherein the processor circuit is further configured to receive the electric current signal and to generate the first and second control signals for the primary and secondary side switches based on the scaled input voltage, the amplified and compensated error signal, and the electric current signal.
7. The isolated resonant converter of claim 1 , wherein said one or more phases comprise at least two phases, and wherein the control circuit further comprises a current balancing circuit configured to modify the second control signals before being transmitted to the secondary side switches such that electric currents flowing through different ones of said at least two phases are balanced with each other.
8. The isolated resonant converter of claim 7 , wherein the current balancing circuit further comprises:
a current sensing, scaling, and averaging circuit configured to obtain an averaged magnitude of the electric current flowing through each of said at least two phases; and
a delay-time adder configured to determine a delay time for each of said at least two phases based on a difference of the electric currents between selected two of said at least two phases and to modify the second control signals by adding the delay time to the second duty ratio of the second control signals.
9. A method for controlling an isolated resonant converter having one or more phases, wherein each phase comprises a transformer, a set of resonant components, a set of primary side switches electrically coupling an input terminal to the transformer through the resonant component, and a set of secondary side switches electrically coupling the transformer to an output terminal, the method comprising:
detecting an input voltage at the input terminal of the isolated resonant converter and an output voltage at the output terminal of the isolated resonant converter;
determining, from a plurality of parameters, first control signals for the primary side switches and second control signals for the secondary side switches, wherein the parameters comprise physical properties of the resonant components, the input voltage, the output voltage, and a reference voltage;
transmitting to the primary side switches the first control signals having a switching frequency and a first duty ratio;
transmitting to the secondary side switches the second control signals having the switching frequency and a second duty ratio;
receiving the input and output voltages and converting the input and output voltages into scaled input and output voltages;
receiving the scaled output voltage and generating an error signal by subtracting the scaled output voltage from the reference voltage;
receiving the error signal and generating an amplified and compensated error signal; and
receiving the scaled input voltage and the amplified and compensated error signal, and generating the first and second control signals for the primary and secondary side switches based on both the scaled input voltage and the amplified and compensated error signal;
wherein the second duty ratio for a first one of the secondary side switches is greater than the first duty ratio for a first corresponding one of the primary side switches;
wherein the first and second duty ratios increase monotonously.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second duty ratio for a second one of the secondary side switches is defined by a turning off instant of a second corresponding one of the primary side switches.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising detecting an electric current flowing through each of said one or more phases.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second duty ratio for a second one of the secondary side switches is defined by a positive-to-negative or negative-to-positive zero crossing instant of the electric current.
13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising modifying the second control signals before transmitting to the secondary side switches such that electric currents flowing through different ones of said phases are balanced with each other.