Validation of iPXE scripts using owner certificates and ownership vouchers
Techniques and architecture are described for validating and verifying iPXE scripts prior to execution during a booting process. During the booting process of a network device, right after the UEFI/BIOS stage of the booting process, a trusted iPXE script may make a request to a network server for the ownership voucher and owner certificate of the network device. The ownership voucher and owner certificate may then be stored in a trusted platform module (TPM) on the network device. In configurations, the retrieved owner certificate may be validated by the ownership voucher. The owner certificate may be used to validate iPXE scripts. Once validated, the iPXE scripts may be executed and the booting process may be continued to the kernel loading step and the application loading step. During a subsequent booting process of the network device, the ownership voucher and owner certificate may be retrieved from the TPM.
1. A method comprising:
accessing, at a network device, a pre-boot execution environment (iPXE) script, wherein the iPXE script is signed based on an owner certificate (OC) associated with the network device;
fetching, from a server using a trusted iPXE script, an ownership voucher (OV), wherein the OC is anchored on the ownership voucher, wherein the OV is anchored on the network device through a unique device identifier and trust anchor certificates that are anchored on the network device as read only, and wherein the unique device identifier and trust anchor certificates are burned onto the network device during manufacture of the network device by a manufacturer;
validating, by the network device using the OV, the OC;
based at least in part on the OC, validating, the iPXE script; and
executing, by the network device, the iPXE script.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
storing the OV and OC in a trusted platform module (TPM).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
accessing the iPXE script comprises, fetching, from a trusted platform module (TPM), an ownership voucher (OV); and
the method further comprises validating, by the network device using the OV, the OC.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method occurs after a unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI)/basic input/output system (BIOS) booting step in a booting process and prior to a kernel loading step in the booting process.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
the booting process comprises booting from an image; and
the method further comprises retrieving the image from a network server.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
validating, by the network device using the OC, the image.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
based at least in part on executing the iPXE script, ensuring that the network device boots only from intended service providers in a network comprising multiple bootstrap servers belonging to different service providers.
8. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and
one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform actions comprising:
accessing, at a network device, a pre-boot execution environment (iPXE) script, wherein the iPXE script is signed based on an owner certificate (OC) associated with the network device;
fetching, from a server using a trusted iPXE script, an ownership voucher (OV), wherein the OC is anchored on the ownership voucher, wherein the OV is anchored on the network device through a unique device identifier and trust anchor certificates that are anchored on the network device as read only, and wherein the unique device identifier and trust anchor certificates are burned onto the network device during manufacture of the network device by a manufacturer;
validating, by the network device using the OV, the OC;
based at least in part on the OC, validating, the iPXE script; and
executing, by the network device, the iPXE script.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising:
storing the OV and OC in a trusted platform module (TPM).
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein:
accessing the iPXE script comprises, fetching, from a trusted platform module (TPM), an ownership voucher (OV); and
the actions further comprises validating, by the network device using the OV, the OC.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the actions occur after a unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI)/basic input/output system (BIOS) booting step in a booting process and prior to a kernel loading step in the booting process.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein:
the booting process comprises booting from an image; and
the actions further comprises retrieving the image from a network server.
13. The system of claim 12 , further comprising:
validating, by the network device using the OC, the image.
14. The system of claim 8 , further comprising:
based at least in part on executing the iPXE script, ensuring that the network device boots only from intended service providers in a network comprising multiple bootstrap servers belonging to different service providers.
15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform actions comprising:
accessing, at a network device, a pre-boot execution environment (iPXE) script, wherein the iPXE script is signed based on an owner certificate (OC) associated with the network device;
fetching, from a server using a trusted iPXE script, an ownership voucher (OV), wherein the OC is anchored on the ownership voucher, wherein the OV is anchored on the network device through a unique device identifier and trust anchor certificates that are anchored on the network device as read only, and wherein the unique device identifier and trust anchor certificates are burned onto the network device during manufacture of the network device by a manufacturer;
validating, by the network device using the OV, the OC;
based at least in part on the OC, validating, the iPXE script; and
executing, by the network device, the iPXE script.
16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15 , wherein the actions further comprise:
storing the OV and OC in a trusted platform module (TPM).
17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15 , wherein:
accessing the iPXE script comprises, fetching, from a trusted platform module (TPM), an ownership voucher (OV); and
the actions further comprise validating, by the network device using the OV, the OC.