Negative electrode active material, negative electrode including the negative electrode active material, secondary battery including the negative electrode, and method of preparing the negative electrode active material
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a negative electrode active material includes metal-silicon-carbon based particles including a M a Si b C matrix, wherein M in the M a Si b C matrix is one or more selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Na, Ca, and Al, 0.35≤a≤1, and 1≤b≤2. Since at the time of charging and discharging a battery, formation of an irreversible phase may be minimized by the M a Si b C matrix, initial efficiency of the battery may be improved, and electrical conductivity, physical strength, and chemical stability may be improved, such that capacity and lifecycle characteristics of the battery may be improved.
1. A negative electrode active material comprising metal-silicon-carbon based particles including a M a Si b C matrix, wherein M in the M a Si b C matrix is one or more selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Na, Ca, and Al, 0.3≤a≤1, and 1≤b≤2,
wherein the matrix has a structure in which three phases of SiC, Si and M a Si b C coexist.
2. The negative electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein an average particle size (D 50 ) of the metal-silicon-carbon based particles is 1 μm to 10 μm.
3. The negative electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the M a Si b C matrix includes Si, SiC, and M x Si y C,
M in M x Si y C being one or more selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Na, Ca, and Al, 1<x≤3, and 0.5<y≤2.
4. The negative electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the M a Si b C matrix includes 10 wt % to 35 wt % of M, 45 wt % to 75 wt % of Si, and 15 wt % to 25 wt % of C based on a total weight of M a Si b C matrix.
5. The negative electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein in the M a Si b C matrix, a weight ratio of Si to M is 1.5 to 7.
6. A method of preparing the negative electrode active material according to claim 1 , the method comprising forming a matrix fluid through thermal treatment by introducing a vaporized silicon source, a carbon source, a metal source, and a carrier gas into a reaction furnace, wherein in the forming of the matrix fluid, a ratio of a flow rate of the vaporized silicon source, a flow rate of the carbon source, and a flow rate of the metal source is 1:0.2:0.2 to 1:0.8:0.8.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the thermal treatment is performed at 1,000° C. to 2,500° C.
8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the carrier gas is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ar, He, and Ne.
9. A negative electrode comprising the negative electrode active material of claim 1 .
10. The negative electrode according to claim 9 , further comprising a graphite based active material.
11. A secondary battery comprising:
the negative electrode of claim 9 ;
a positive electrode;
a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and
and an electrolyte.