Alkyl dialkoxyalkanoates as bioderived, high cetane diesel fuels
A fuel for an internal combustion engine includes a C 5 to C 30 dialkoxyalkanoate corresponding to formula (I): wherein the R 1 group is —H or a —CH 3 group, the R 2 and R 2 ′ groups are alkyl groups independently selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms; and the R 3 group is selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms. The compounds described herein may be used as neat fuels or mixed fuels (with diesel, biodiesel, jet fuel, marine fuel or other fuel compounds) in autoignition or spark ignition engines, such as diesel engines, gasoline (spark ignition) engines, MCCI, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines, or more generally in Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) engines (using gasoline-like fuels), that have the high-efficiency advantages of HCCI but can operate with some level of charge inhomogeneities. Methods of making these compounds are environmentally friendly and can be done in a continuous manner.
1. A method for making a fuel product for an internal combustion engine at least partially from a biomass source, the method comprising the steps of reacting a C 1 to C 9 alcohol and an alpha-carbonyl acid in a solvent to form a dialkoxyalkanoate; blending the dialkoxyalkanoate with a fuel to make a blended fuel, the fuel being selected from the group consisting of: gasoline, diesel, alcohol fuel, biodiesel, jet fuel, marine fuel, Fischer-Tropsch fuel, or combinations thereof; wherein the dialkoxyalkanoate is blended in a ratio of 99.9:5 to 51:49 by volume to the fuel and wherein the dialkoxyalkanoate is a C 5 to C 30 dialkoxyalkanoate.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding an acid catalyst in the step of reacting the C 1 to C 9 alcohol and the alpha-carbonyl acid in the solvent to form the dialkoxyalkanoate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein no halogenated compounds are used in the method.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dialkoxyalkanoate corresponds to formula (I):
wherein the R 1 group is —H or a —CH 3 group, the R 2 and R 2 ′ groups are alkyl groups independently selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms; and the R 3 group is selected to have 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting the dialkoxyalkanoate with a different C 1 to C 9 alcohol in a base-catalyzed transesterification reaction.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing the method in a continuous process.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of blending the dialkoxyalkanoate with a fuel to make a blended fuel, the fuel selected from the group consisting of: diesel, biodiesel, alcohol, or combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the dialkoxyalkanoate is blended in a ratio of 99.9:5 to 51:49 by volume to the fuel.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding an effective of amount of the dialkoxyalkanoate to lower a cloud point of the blended fuel 5 to 50° C. lower than the fuel alone.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising adding an effective of amount of the dialkoxyalkanoate to lower a cloud point of the blended fuel 5 to 50° C. lower than the fuel alone.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is blended in a ratio of 99.9:0.1 to 51:49 by volume to the dialkoxyalkanoate.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the fuel is blended in a ratio of 99.9:0.1 to 51:49 by volume to the dialkoxyalkanoate.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alpha-carbonyl acid is pyruvic acid or glyoxylic acid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the C 1 to C 9 alcohol is produced from microbial fermentation of the biomass source.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the C 1 to C 9 alcohol is a fusel alcohol.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dialkoxyalkanoate has a yield sooting index of 200 to 400.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the C 1 to C 9 alcohol is branched.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel product is formulated for use in an autoignition engine.