Optical modulator and optical communication apparatus
An optical device includes a rib waveguide that is a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) crystal, a buffer layer that is laminated on the rib waveguide, and an electrode that applies voltage to the rib waveguide. The buffer layer includes a thick-film part that is laminated on a rib of the rib waveguide, and thin-film parts that are laminated on slabs of the rib waveguide, where the slabs are located on both sides of the rib, and that have smaller thicknesses than a thickness of the thick-film part.
1. An optical modulator comprising:
a rib waveguide that is a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) crystal;
a buffer layer that is laminated on the rib waveguide;
a signal electrode that is adjacent to the rib waveguide and inputs an electric signal to the rib waveguide; and
a ground electrode that is adjacent to the rib waveguide and outputs the electric signal from the rib waveguide, wherein
the buffer layer includes
a thick-film part that is laminated on a rib of the rib waveguide; and
thin-film parts that are laminated on slabs of the rib waveguide, the slabs being located on both sides of the rib, and that have smaller thicknesses than a thickness of the thick-film part,
the thick-film part includes
a first thick-film part that covers the rib; and
second thick-film parts that cover side wall surfaces of the rib, and cover parts of the slabs at sides of the rib, and
a second thick-film part of the second thick-film parts includes
a first stepped portion that is separated from one side wall surface at a side of the signal electrode of the side wall surfaces of the rib; and
a second stepped portion that is separated from other side wall surface at a side of a ground electrode of the side wall surfaces of the rib.
2. The optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the thick-film part has a wider width than a width of the rib.
3. The optical modulator according to claim 2 , wherein
the second thick-film parts have larger thicknesses than the thickness of the thin-film parts.
4. The optical modulator according to claim 3 , wherein widths of the thin-film parts are increased with respect to zero width such that one end of the signal electrode or the ground electrode is separated from the second thick-film parts.
5. The optical modulator according to claim 4 , wherein a part of the ground electrode is laminated on a third thick-film part that is different from the first thick-film part and the second thick-film parts, at a position other than positions of the thin-film parts in the buffer layer.
6. The optical modulator according to claim 5 , wherein a width of a lamination portion in which the signal electrode or the ground electrode comes into contact with the thin-film parts is greater than the thickness of the thin-film parts.
7. The optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the signal electrode and the ground electrode are a direct current (DC) electrode.
8. The optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the signal electrode and the ground electrode are a radio frequency (RF) electrode.
9. The optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the buffer layer is made of a certain material with a temperature dependent resistivity of which a resistance value of the certain material is increased as compared to a resistance value of the thin-film LN crystal at a time of increase in temperature.
10. An optical communication apparatus comprising:
a processor that performs signal processing on an electric signal;
a light source that generates light; and
an optical modulator that modulates light generated by the light source by using an electric signal output from the processor, wherein
the optical modulator includes
a rib waveguide that is a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) crystal;
a buffer layer that is laminated on the rib waveguide;
a signal electrode that is adjacent to the rib waveguide and inputs an electric signal to the rib waveguide; and
a ground electrode that is adjacent to the rib waveguide and outputs the electric signal from the rib waveguide, and
the buffer layer includes
a thick-film part that is laminated on a rib of the rib waveguide; and
thin-film parts that are laminated on slabs of the rib waveguide, the slabs being located on both sides of the rib, and that have smaller thicknesses than a thickness of the thick-film part,
the thick-film part includes
a first thick-film part that covers the rib; and
second thick-film parts that cover side wall surfaces of the rib, and cover parts of the slabs at sides of the rib, and
a second thick-film part of the second thick-film parts includes
a first stepped portion that is separated from one side wall surface at a side of the signal electrode of the side wall surfaces of the rib; and
a second stepped portion that is separated from other side wall surface at a side of a ground electrode of the side wall surfaces of the rib.