Nano-alloy interphase for lithium metal solid state batteries
An electrode for a solid-state lithium battery is provided. The electrode has a current collector and an electrode active layer of lithium metal or lithium metal alloy on the current collector. A surface layer of a homogeneous nano-alloy particle composition containing nanoparticles of an element M or nanoparticles of a lithium alloy of an element M, wherein M is at least one element selected from elements of Groups 2 and 8-16 is present on the active layer. Solid-state batteries containing the electrode are provided.
1. A solid-state lithium battery, comprising in the following order:
an anode comprising lithium metal or a lithium alloy with a metal;
an interphase region having a thickness of from 1 nm to 100 nm as a surface layer on and contacting the lithium metal or lithium alloy;
a solid-state electrolyte in direct contact with the interphase region; and
a cathode;
wherein
the interphase region consists of at least one of nanoparticles of an alloy of Li and an element M and nanoparticles of the element M uniformly arranged between the anode and the solid-state electrolyte and wherein the element M is selected from the group of elements consisting of Ag, Ca, Ga, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Se, Sr, Te and Tl, and
the solid-state electrolyte is a lithium thiophosphate selected from the group consisting of a lithium thiophosphate composite of formula (I), Li 3 PS 4 , Li 7 P 3 S 11 and Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 :
x Li 2 S· y P 2 S 5 ·(100− x−y )B (I)
wherein B is a composite material selected from the group of materials including Li 3 N, P 2 O 5 Li 2 O, LiN 3 , GeS 2 or LiX wherein X is I, Cl or Br, each of x and y represent a mass % value of from 33.3% to 50% such that the total mass % of Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 and B is 100%.
2. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium thiophosphate comprises a lithium salt selected from the group of salts consisting of Lil, LiBr, LiCl, Li 3 N, LiPON, Li 3 P, Li 2 O, Li 3 BO 3 , and LiBH 4 .
3. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises a lithium metal oxide selected from the group consisting of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide.
4. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises elemental sulfur, selenium, tellurium or a mixture of two or more of these.
5. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the anode is lithium metal, and
the solid-state electrolyte is a material of formula (I).
6. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 5 , wherein the cathode comprises a lithium metal oxide selected from the group consisting of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide.
7. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 5 , wherein the cathode comprises elemental sulfur, selenium, tellurium or a mixture of two or more of these.