Mineral, anhydrous, broad-spectrum sunscreen
An anhydrous broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition (e.g., compact or stick; which may be untinted, tinted, or contain shimmer-imparting ingredients) consisting essentially of: (a) two photoprotective metal oxides that block, reflect, refract or otherwise attenuate ultraviolet radiation (i) at least one zinc oxide particle, preferably uncoated and having an average particle size of greater than about 100 nanometers (ii) and at least one titanium dioxide particle, preferably coated, (b) two Siliceous Compounds—(i) an amorphous spherical silica and (ii) a mixture of diatomaceous algae comprising at least two, preferably three, and still more preferably all four of Fragilaria zeilleri, Gomphonema angustatum, Navicula radiosa , and Cyclotella andancensis , wherein each algal species has photonic and porous silica crystals and (c) two Film-Forming Polymers, preferably copolymers of dimethicone.
1. A broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition comprising:
(a) two sunscreen-grade metal oxide particles that block, reflect, refract, or otherwise attenuate ultraviolet radiation consisting of:
(i) zinc oxide particles, and (ii) titanium dioxide particles;
(b) two siliceous compounds consisting of:
(i) an amorphous spherical silica, and (ii) a mixture of at least two diatomaceous algal species having photonic and porous silica crystals, the algal species selected from the group consisting of Fragilaria zeilleri, Gomphomena angustatum, Navicula radiosa , and Cyclotella andancensis
(c) two film-forming polymers consisting of
(i) dimethicone and acrylates/dimethicone copolymer and (ii) bis-vinyl dimethicone/dimethicone copolymer; and
(d) at least
two waxes; wherein the mineral sunscreen composition has an SPF of at least 50,
wherein the mineral sunscreen composition is free of any small molecule organic chemical sunscreen active ingredients, and wherein the mineral sunscreen composition is substantially anhydrous and is not an emulsion.
2. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 1 , wherein the sunscreen-grade zinc oxide particles are not coated and have (a) an average particle size of greater than about 100 nanometers and less than about 800 nanometers when measured using static laser scattering, and (b) a porous structure that can be infiltrated with an excipient.
3. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 1 , wherein the sunscreen-grade titanium dioxide particles have an average particle size of greater than about 100 nanometers.
4. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 1 , wherein each of the two sunscreen-grade metal oxide particles has an average particle size of greater than about 100 nanometers.
5. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 3 , wherein the titanium dioxide particles are coated with one or a combination of triethoxycaprilylsilane, silica, hydrogen dimethicone, stearic acid, isostearic acid, polyhydroxystearic acid, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, and caprylic/capric triglyceride.
6. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 4 , further comprising pigmentary-grade titanium dioxide particles having an average particle size of up to about 30 microns.
7. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 4 , wherein the composition further comprises at least two silicone compounds selected from:
a. dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, and
b. a silicone fluid selected from the group consisting of dimethicone, simethicone, and phenyl trimethicone.
8. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 4 , in which at least one of the at least two waxes is a natural wax comprised of a fixed oil expressed from the kernel of a plant, unsaponifiables within plant kernel oil, or both, and at least one of the at least two waxes is a mineral wax or a synthetic wax.
9. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 4 , further comprising two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of butyloctyl salicylate, octyldodecyl neopentanoate, and polyhydroxystearic acid.
10. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 4 , further comprising at least one cosmetic skin benefit ingredient selected from the group of (i) Bisabolol, (ii) Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) root extract, (iii) Himanthalia Elongata extract, (iv) cetylhydroxyproline palmitamide, (v) cerium oxide, (vi) tocopheryl acetate, and (vii) ubiquinone.
11. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 4 , wherein the composition is water resistant for 80 minutes according to a test method of Section 352.76 of Title 21 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations as follows:
(a) applying the mineral sunscreen composition;
(b) after an applicable waiting period, performing 20 minutes of moderate activity in water;
(c) waiting for a 20-minute rest period;
(d) performing 20 minutes of moderate activity in water; and
(e) waiting for a 20-minute rest period without wiping the sunscreen with a towel.
12. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 4 , wherein the composition does not cause visible whitening on the skin of a person having a Fitzpatrick Skin Type of I-IV.
13. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 12 , wherein the sunscreen composition has a critical wavelength of at least 377 nm.
14. The broad-spectrum mineral sunscreen composition of claim 1 , wherein application of the sunscreen composition to skin diminishes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.