Data distribution method, recording medium, and data distribution system
In a data distribution method according to the disclosure, first authentication servers and a first data server belong to a first group, and second authentication servers and a second data server belong to a second group different from the first group. A first authentication server obtains first transaction data that includes a data obtaining request indicating a request for obtaining or referring to data pertaining to an apparatus, and records a block including the first transaction data into its distributed ledger belonging to the first group. A second authentication server obtains the first transaction data, and records the block including the first transaction data into a distributed ledger belonging to the second group. The first authentication server causes the first data server to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held therein to the second data server or to make such data available for reference by the second data server.
1. A data distribution method in a data distribution system that includes a plurality of authentication servers, a plurality of data servers, and an apparatus, the plurality of authentication servers each including a distributed ledger,
the plurality of authentication servers including a plurality of first authentication servers belonging to a first group, the plurality of data servers including one or more first data servers belonging to the first group,
the plurality of authentication servers including a plurality of second authentication servers that are different from the plurality of first authentication servers and belong to a second group different from the first group, the plurality of data servers including one or more second data servers that are different from the one or more first data servers and belong to the second group,
the data distribution method comprising:
obtaining, by one first authentication server among the plurality of first authentication servers, first transaction data that includes a data obtaining request indicating a request for obtaining or referring to data pertaining to the apparatus;
determining, using consent information indicating that a user has consented to utilization of the data, whether the one or more first data servers are allowed to provide the data to the one or more second data servers;
when determining that the provision of the data is allowed, causing the one or more first data servers to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers or to make the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers available for reference by the one or more second data servers;
obtaining, by one second authentication server among the plurality of second authentication servers, the first transaction data; and
recording, by the one second authentication server, the block including the first transaction data into the distributed ledger of the one second authentication server belonging to the second group, wherein
the one first authentication server obtains a smart contract being programmed to be able to determine, based on the consent information, whether the data is allowed to be provided, and
in response to obtaining the first transaction data, the one first authentication server executes the smart contract based on the first transaction data obtained, and when the smart contract determines that the data is allowed to be provided from the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers, the one first authentication server causes the one or more first data servers to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers or to make the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers available for reference by the one or more second data servers.
2. The data distribution method according to claim 1 , wherein
the data distribution system further includes a service server, and
in the data distribution method,
the service server generating the first transaction data and transmitting the first transaction data to the one first authentication server and the one second authentication server, and
in response to the one first authentication server obtaining the first transaction data:
recording a block including the first transaction data into the distributed ledger of the one first authentication server belonging to the first group.
3. The data distribution method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
generating, by the service server, second transaction data for issuing a token to the apparatus, in response to confirming that the one or more first data servers have transferred the data pertaining to the apparatus to the one or more second data servers or made the data pertaining to the apparatus available for reference by the one or more second data servers;
obtaining, by the one first authentication server, the second transaction data;
recording, by the one first authentication server, a block including the second transaction data into the distributed ledger of the one first authentication server belonging to the first group; and
causing the one first authentication server to execute another smart contract being programmed to be able to issue the token based on the second transaction data recorded, and causing the smart contract to issue the token to the apparatus.
4. The data distribution method according to claim 1 , wherein
when the one first authentication server makes a record into the distributed ledger of the one first authentication server belonging to the first group,
the one first authentication server does a verification on the first transaction data obtained,
in response to confirming legitimacy of the first transaction data through the verification, the one first authentication server, together with a plurality of first authentication servers among the plurality of first authentication servers excluding the one first authentication server, executes a consensus algorithm for establishing a consensus concerning the legitimacy of the first transaction data, and
in response to establishing the consensus concerning the legitimacy of the first transaction data through the consensus algorithm, the one first authentication server records the block including the first transaction data into the distributed ledger of the one first authentication server belonging to the first group.
5. The data distribution method according to claim 1 , wherein
when the one second authentication server makes a record into the distributed ledger of the one second authentication server belonging to the second group,
the one second authentication server does a verification on the first transaction data obtained,
in response to confirming legitimacy of the first transaction data through the verification, the one second authentication server, together with a plurality of second authentication servers among the plurality of second authentication servers excluding the one second authentication server, executes a consensus algorithm for establishing a consensus concerning the legitimacy of the first transaction data, and
in response to establishing the consensus concerning the legitimacy of the first transaction data through the consensus algorithm, the one second authentication server records the block including the first transaction data into the distributed ledger of the one second authentication server belonging to the second group.
6. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program that causes a computer to execute a data distribution method in a data distribution system that includes a plurality of authentication servers, a plurality of data servers, and an apparatus, the plurality of authentication servers each including a distributed ledger,
the plurality of authentication servers including a plurality of first authentication servers belonging to a first group, the plurality of data servers including one or more first data servers belonging to the first group,
the plurality of authentication servers including a plurality of second authentication servers that are different from the plurality of first authentication servers and belong to a second group different from the first group, the plurality of data servers including one or more second data servers that are different from the one or more first data servers and belong to the second group,
the program causing the computer to execute:
obtaining, by one first authentication server among the plurality of first authentication servers, first transaction data that includes a data obtaining request indicating a request for obtaining or referring to data pertaining to the apparatus;
determining, using consent information indicating that a user has consented to utilization of the data, whether the one or more first data servers are allowed to provide the data to the one or more second data servers;
when determining that the provision of the data is allowed, causing the one or more first data servers to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers or to make the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers available for reference by the one or more second data servers;
obtaining, by one second authentication server among the plurality of second authentication servers, the first transaction data; and
recording, by the one second authentication server, the block including the first transaction data into the distributed ledger of the one second authentication server belonging to the second group, wherein
the one first authentication server obtains a smart contract being programmed to be able to determine, based on the consent information, whether the data is allowed to be provided, and
in response to obtaining the first transaction data, the one first authentication server executes the smart contract based on the first transaction data obtained, and when the smart contract determines that the data is allowed to be provided from the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers, the one first authentication server causes the one or more first data servers to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers or to make the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers available for reference by the one or more second data servers.
7. A data distribution system comprising:
a plurality of authentication servers each including a distributed ledger; and
a plurality of data servers, wherein
the plurality of authentication servers include a plurality of first authentication servers belonging to a first group, and the plurality of data servers include one or more first data servers belonging to the first group,
the plurality of authentication servers include a plurality of second authentication servers different from the plurality of first authentication servers and belonging to a second group different from the first group, and the plurality of data servers include one or more second data servers different from the one or more first data servers and belonging to the second group,
one first authentication server among the plurality of first authentication servers includes:
a first communicator that obtains first transaction data that includes a data obtaining request indicating a request for obtaining or referring to data pertaining to an apparatus;
a determiner that determines, using consent information indicating that a user has consented to utilization of the data, whether the one or more first data servers are allowed to provide the data to the one or more second data servers;
an executor that, when the determiner determines that the provision of the data is allowed, causes the one or more first data servers to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers or to make the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers available for reference by the one or more second data servers,
one second authentication server among the plurality of second authentication servers includes:
a second communicator that obtains the first transaction data; and
a recorder by which the one second authentication server records the block including the first transaction data into the distributed ledger of the one second authentication server belonging to the second group,
the one first authentication server obtains a smart contract being programmed to be able to determine, based on the consent information, whether the data is allowed to be provided, and
in response to obtaining the first transaction data, the one first authentication server executes the smart contract based on the first transaction data obtained, and when the smart contract determines that the data is allowed to be provided from the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers, the one first authentication server causes the one or more first data servers to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers to the one or more second data servers or to make the data pertaining to the apparatus held in the one or more first data servers available for reference by the one or more second data servers.
8. The data distribution method according to claim 1 , wherein
the consent information includes at least one of: a service provider to which the user has consented to providing the data; the data or a type of the data; information indicating that the user has consented to providing the data or making the data available for reference by a third party; or information indicating that the user has consented to providing the data if the user can receive a certain amount of feedback or more in return for providing the data, the third party being selected based on a reliability or an incentive and in accordance with a predetermined criterion of the user.