Apparatus, systems and methods for the production of electrodes for use in batteries

1. A process for delineating a population of electrode structures in a web, the web comprising an electrically conductive layer having opposing front and back surfaces and an electrochemically active material layer on the front surface, the back surface, or on both of the front and back surfaces, the web having a down-web direction and a cross-web direction, the down-web and cross-web directions being orthogonal to each other, the process comprising:

moving the web over a support surface, the support surface comprising a thermally conductive material;

forming a series of alignment features in the web that are disposed in the cross-web or down-web direction;

laser machining the web to form a series of weakened tear patterns in the web in the down-web direction, the cross-web direction, or each of the cross-web direction and down-web direction that delineate members of the electrode structure population, each of the delineated members being individually bounded, at least in part, by a member of the series of weakened tear patterns that is adapted to facilitate separation of delineated members, individually, from the web by an application of a force, the series of alignment features being used to aid in the formation of the series of weakened tear patterns;

controlling a portion of the web to be laser machined to be within about +/−100 microns of a laser focal point of a laser beam; and

dissipating thermal energy from the laser machining using the support surface.

2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising laser ablating the web to form a series of ablations in the web that are disposed in the down-web direction or the cross-web direction, each ablation being formed by removing a portion of the electrochemically active layer to thereby expose a portion of the electrically conductive layer.

3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the laser machining is performed while the web is moving over the support surface.

4. The process of claim 3 , further comprising controlling an angle at which a laser beam travels during the laser machining based on a speed at which the web is moving.

5. The process of claim 1 , wherein a laser used for the laser machining has a laser power within a range of from 10 watts to 5,000 watts, is a fiber laser, and is capable of laser pulse width types of one or more of continuous wave (cw), microsecond (μs), nanosecond (ns), picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs) pulse types or combinations thereof.

6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the laser machining forms the series of weakened tear patterns in each of the cross-web direction and down-web direction, and includes controlling a first laser device to laser machine the web in the cross-web direction and controlling a second laser device to laser machine the web in the down-web direction.

7. A process for delineating a population of electrode structures in a web, the web comprising an electrically conductive layer having opposing front and back surfaces and an electrochemically active material layer on the front surface, the back surface, or on both of the front and back surfaces, the web having a down-web direction and a cross-web direction, the down-web and cross-web directions being orthogonal to each other, the process comprising:

Forming a series of fiducial through-holes in the web that are disposed in the cross-web or down-web direction;

laser machining the web to form a series of weakened tear patterns in the web in the down-web direction, the cross-web direction, or each of the cross-web direction and down-web direction that delineate members of the electrode structure population, each of the delineated members being individually bounded, at least in part, by a member of the series of weakened tear patterns that is adapted to facilitate separation of delineated members, individually, from the web by an application of a force, the series of alignment features being used to aid in the formation of the series of weakened tear patterns;

controlling a tension in the web in the down-web direction during the laser machining;

controlling a portion of the web to be laser machined to be within about +/−100 microns of a laser focal point of a laser beam; and

conveying the web in the down-web direction after the laser machining without releasing the delineated members from the web.

8. The process of claim 7 , further comprising applying a tension to the web in the cross-web direction prior to the laser machining.

9. The process of claim 7 , wherein controlling the tension of the web comprises maintaining a tension on the web of 500 gram force or less.

10. The process of claim 7 , further comprising tracking the series of fiducial through-holes with one or more visual inspection devices to measure at least one of a location and a speed of travel of the fiducial through-holes.

11. The process of claim 7 , further comprising using a sensor to detect defects in the delineated members.

12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the sensor is triggered by identifying one of the series of fiducial through-holes or one of the series of weakened tear patterns.

13. The process of claim 11 , further comprising using a marking device to mark the web in a manner to indicate a detected defect in one of the delineated members.

14. The process of claim 7 , further comprising further comprising pressure-balancing the web during the laser machining.

15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the pressure-balancing comprises applying a fluid flow across opposing sides of the web.

16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the series of alignment features comprises a plurality of through-holes.

17. The process of claim 16 , further comprising tracking the plurality of through-holes with one or more visual inspection devices to measure at least one of a location and a speed of travel of the plurality of through-holes.

18. The process of claim 16 , further comprising using a sensor to detect defects in the delineated members.

19. The process of claim 16 , further comprising:

controlling a tension in the web in the down-web direction during the laser machining;

conveying the web in the down-web direction after the laser machining without releasing the delineated members from the web; and

applying a tension to the web in the cross-web direction prior to the laser machining.