Non-invasive diagnostic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

1. A method for diagnosing and treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) the method comprising:

(i) measuring levels of blood, serum or plasma circulating hsa-miR-34, YKL-40, and at least one other blood, serum or plasma circulating marker of liver damage of a subject and combining the levels of hsa-miR-34, YKL-40, and the other blood, serum or plasm circulating marker(s) of liver damage through a mathematical algorithm to obtain a NASH score;

(ii) comparing said NASH score with a threshold value to diagnose moderate and severe NASH or low, moderate, and high NASH activity in the subject; and

(iii) administering to the subject diagnosed in step (ii) as having severe NASH, low NASH activity, moderate NASH activity, or high NASH activity an effective amount of an anti-NASH compound.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said other circulating markers of liver damage are alpha 2 macroglobulin and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one other circulating marker of liver damage is selected from the group consisting of alpha 2 macroglobulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose level, fructosamine level, insulin, C-Peptide, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III, hsa-miR-200, CK18-M30, CK18-M65, ALT, AST, Uninary Specific Gravity (Uri Spec Grav), uninary creatinine, basophils, High Sensitivity-Reactive Protein (HSCRP), Urinary β-NAG, leucocytes, neutrophils and fibrinogen.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the NASH score is calculated according to the following logistic function:

S

=

e

Y

1

+

e

Y

wherein:

Y=k+a*A+b*B+c*C+d*D+f*F+g*G

wherein:

S is the NASH score;

A is the level of alpha 2 macroglobulin in g/L;

B is the level of HbA1c in percent;

C is the level of N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III in ng/mL;

D is the level of hsa-miR-34a in Cq;

F is the level of hsa-miR-200 or c hsa-miR-200 in Cq;

G is the level of YKL-40 in pg/ml;

k is the constant of the logistic function;

a is a coefficient associated to the level of alpha 2 macroglobulin;

b is a coefficient associated to the level of HbA1c;

c is a coefficient associated to the level of N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III;

d is a coefficient associated to the level of hsa-miR-34a or hsa-miR-34a-5p;

f is a coefficient associated to the level of hsa-miR-200, hsa-miR-200a, or hsa-miR-200a-3p; and

g is a coefficient associated to the level of YKL-40;

wherein:

a) the logistic function is derived from a median model, and:

k is a number between 5.94 and 50.74;

a is a number between 0 and 1.07;

b is a number between 0 and 1.20;

c is a number between 0 and 0.24;

d is a number between −0.97 and 0;

f is a number between −0.87 and 0;

g is a number comprised between 0 and 1.74E-0 a NASH score higher than a threshold value between 0.2017 and 0.4645 being indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2; or

b) the logistic function is derived from a bootstrap model, and:

k is a number between 8.24 and 35.44;

a is a number between 0.06 and 0.88;

b is a number between 0.14 and 1.04;

c is a number between 0.03 and 0.23;

d is a number between −0.75 and −0.05;

f is a number between −0.73 and −0.07; and

g is a number between 3.59E-06 and 1.78E-05;

a NASH score higher than a threshold value comprised between 0.2718 and 0.6391 being indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the NASH score is calculated according to the following logistic function:

S

~

e

Y

1

+

e

Y

wherein: Y=k+a*A+b*B+c*C+d*D;

wherein S is the NASH score;

A is the serum level of hsa-miR-34a in Cq;

B is the serum level of alpha 2 macroglobulin in g/L;

C is the serum level of YKL-40 in pg/ml;

D is the level of HbA1c in percent;

k is a constant of the logistic function;

a is a coefficient associated to the serum level of hsa-miR-34a;

b is a coefficient associated to the serum level of alpha 2 macroglobulin;

c is a coefficient associated to the serum level of YKL-40; and

d is a coefficient associated to the level of HbA1c;

wherein:

a) the logistic function is derived from a bootstrap model, under which:

k is a number comprised between 9.51 and 34.37;

a is a number comprised between −1.17 and −0.47;

b is a number comprised between 0.02 and 0.84;

c is a number comprised between 6.10E-06 and 2.09E-05;

d is a number comprised between 0.07 and 0.89;

a NASH score higher than a threshold value between 0.2013 and 0.5965 being indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity; which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2; or

b) the logistic function is derived from the median model, under which:

k is a number between 6.02 and 56.69;

a is a number between −1.26 and 0.00;

b is a number between 0.00 and 0.88;

c is a number between 0.00 and 2.00E-05;

d is a number between 0.00 and 0.96;

a NASH score higher than a threshold value between 0.9773 and 0.9955 being indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2.

6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the logistic function is derived from the bootstrap model, under which:

k is 21.94;

a is −0.82;

b is 0.43;

cis 1.35E-05;

d is 0.48; and

wherein a NASH score higher than a threshold value equal to 0.4661 is indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2.

7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the logistic function is derived from the median model, under which:

k is 28.17;

a is −0.84;

b is 0.36;

c is 1.23E-05;

d is 0.41; and

wherein a NASH score higher than a threshold value comprised between 0.9773 and 0.9955 is indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the NASH score is calculated according to the following logistic function:

S

~

e

Y

1

+

e

Y

wherein:

Y=k+a*A+b*B+c*C+d*D

wherein:

S is the NASH score;

A is the serum level of hsa-miR-34a in copy/μL (log 10);

B is the serum level of alpha 2 macroglobulin in g/L;

C is the serum level of YKL-40 in pg/ml;

D is the level of HbA1c in percent;

k is the constant of the logistic function,

a is a coefficient associated to the serum level of hsa-miR-34a;

b is a coefficient associated to the serum level of alpha 2 macroglobulin;

c is a coefficient associated to the serum level of YKL-40;

d is a coefficient associated to the level of HbA1c;

wherein:

a) the logistic function is derived from a bootstrap model, under which:

k is a number comprised between −14.50 and −7.40;

a is a number comprised between 1.38 and 3.58;

b is a number comprised between 0.02 and 0.84;

c is a number comprised between 5.98E-06 and 2.08E-05;

d is a number comprised between 0.07 and 0.89;

a NASH score higher than a threshold value comprised between 0.1895 and 0.6089 being indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2; or

b) the logistic function is derived from a median model, under which:

k is a number comprised between −27.16 and −0.78;

a is a number comprised between 0 and 3.97;

b is a number comprised between 0 and 0.89;

c is a number comprised between 0 and 1.98E-05;

d is a number comprised between 0 and 0.97;

a NASH score higher than a threshold value comprised between 0.1421 and 0.4556 being indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥2.

9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein b is 0.38 for the logistic function derived from a median model.

10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the NASH score is calculated according to the following logistic function:

S

~

e

Y

1

+

e

Y

wherein:

Y=k+a*A+b*B+c*C+d*D+f*F;

wherein:

S is the NASH score;

A is the level of hsa-miR-34a in Cq;

B is the level of YKL-40 in pg/ml;

C is the level of urinary specific gravity with no unit (no units);

D is the level of basophils in 10e9/L;

F is the level of HSCRP in mg/dL:

k is a number between −124.81 and 1.13;

a is a number between −0.91 and −0.25;

b is a number between 4.77e-06 and 2.39e-05;

c is a number between 17.21 and 141.51;

d is a number between 2.80 and 60.74;

f is a number between 0.01 and 0.23; and

wherein a NASH score higher than a threshold value between 0.5791 and 0.8269 is indicative of a severe NASH, or of a moderate or high NASH activity, which is indicative of a patient having a steatosis score ≥1, a hepatocyte ballooning score ≥1, a lobular inflammation score ≥1, a NAS ≥4 and a fibrosis stage ≥1.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said anti-NASH compound is of formula (I):

wherein:

X1 represents a halogen, a R1, or G1-R1 group;

A represents a CH═CH or a CH2—CH2 group;

X2 represents a G2-R2 group;

G1 represents an atom of oxygen;

G2 represents an atom of oxygen or sulfur;

R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkyl group that is substituted by one or more halogen atoms, an alkoxy or an alkylthio group, cycloalkyl groups, cycloalkylthio groups or heterocyclic groups;

R2 represents an alkyl group substituted by at least a —COOR3 group, wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group that is substituted or not by one or more halogen atoms, cycloalkyl groups, or heterocyclic groups;

R4 and R5, identical or different, representing an alkyl group that is substituted or not by one or more halogen atoms, cycloalkyl groups, heterocyclic groups;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.