Hybrid electric powerplant systems and controllers
A hybrid electric propulsion (HEP) system can include a heat engine torque sensor connected between a heat engine and a combining gear box to sense a heat motor input torque input to the combining gear box, an electric motor torque sensor connected between an electric motor and the combining gear box to sense an electric motor input torque input to the combining gear box, and a combining gear box torque sensor connected to an output of the combining gearbox. The system can include a HEP controller operatively connected to each of the heat engine torque sensor, the electric motor torque sensor, and the combining gear box torque sensor to receive one or more torque signals therefrom. The controller can be configured to output one or more output signals as a function of the signals from each of the heat engine torque sensor, the electric motor torque sensor, and the combining gear box torque sensor.
1. A hybrid electric powerplant (HEP) controller configured to operatively connect to each of a heat engine torque sensor, an electric motor torque sensor, and a combining gear box torque sensor to receive torque signals from the heat engine torque sensor, the electric motor torque sensor and the combining gear box torque sensor, wherein the controller is configured to output one or more output signals as a function of the torque signals from the heat engine torque sensor, the electric motor torque sensor and the combining gear box torque sensor, wherein:
the HEP controller is connected to a heat engine disconnect configured to disconnect a heat engine from a combining gear box and to an electric motor disconnect configured to disconnect an electric motor from the combining gear box, to control the heat engine disconnect and the electric motor disconnect;
the HEP controller is configured to:
detect a fault when one or more of the torque signals indicate that less torque is being provided by the heat engine or the electric motor than is commanded; and
when the fault is detected, control the heat engine disconnect or the electric motor disconnect to disconnect one of the heat engine or the electric motor from the combining gear box.
2. The HEP controller of claim 1 , wherein the HEP controller is configured to, when a health of the heat engine or the electric motor, respectively, is unknown or outside of a normal operating limit, control the other of the heat engine or the electric motor to produce additional torque to attempt to compensate for the disconnected heat engine or electric motor when the fault is detected.
3. The HEP controller of claim 1 , wherein the HEP controller is configured to command the other of the heat engine or the electric motor to produce additional torque to attempt to compensate to meet a commanded total torque when the fault is detected.
4. The HEP controller of claim 1 , wherein the HEP controller is configured such that when a first torque signal from the heat engine torque sensor or a second torque signal from the electric motor torque sensor indicate that a commanded torque is being provided by both the heat engine and the electric motor, but a third torque signal from the combining gear box torque sensor indicates that total torque output is less than a commanded total torque, and when a health of both the heat engine and the electric motor are within normal operating limits, the one or more output signals of the HEP controller include a maintenance system indicator activation signal to indicate that maintenance is needed to assess a health of the combining gear box or accessory drives.
5. The HEP controller of claim 1 , wherein the HEP controller is configured such that when a first torque signal from the heat engine torque sensor or a second torque signal from the electric motor torque sensor indicate that a commanded torque is being provided by both the heat engine and the electric motor, but a third torque signal from the combining gear box torque sensor indicates that total torque output is less than a commanded total torque, and when a health of either of the heat engine or the electric motor are unknown or outside a normal operating limit, the one or more output signals of the HEP controller include a warning indicator activation signal to activate a crew alert system indicator to warn of a failure leading to a potential shutdown.
6. The HEP controller of claim 1 , wherein the HEP controller is configured such that when a trend indicates that a difference between actual torque and commanded torque is growing over time, the one or more output signals of the HEP controller include a warning indicator activation signal to activate a maintenance system indicator to warn that maintenance is needed.
7. The HEP controller of claim 1 , wherein the HEP controller is configured such that when a failure of the heat engine torque sensor or the electric motor torque sensor is determined, the HEP controller is configured to determine a missing torque value as a difference between a first torque value from the heat engine torque sensor or the electric motor torque sensor, whichever is still functioning, and a second torque value from the combining gear box torque sensor.
8. The HEP controller of claim 1 , the HEP controller is configured to connect to a speed sensor for each torque sensor to receive one or more speed signals therefrom for feedback control.