Checking methods and systems for checking a mechanical piece manufactured by using a mold and a manufacturing process in a foundry
The checking methods includes the steps of feeding molten metal into the mold ( 3 ), extracting from the mold after a predetermined cooling time the mechanical piece ( 2 ) formed by the solidified molten metal; and acquiring at least one real thermographic image (A, X) of an internal surface ( 7 ) of the mold ( 3 ). To check the quality of the manufactured mechanical piece, at least part of the real thermographic image and/or related parameters is/are compared with images and/or related parameters belonging to a predetermined acceptability range. A possible anomaly in the mechanical piece is detected if the real thermographic image and/or related parameters do not correspond to said images and/or related parameters belonging to the predetermined acceptability range. A differential thermographic image (C, Z) whose points have values equal to the differences between the values of the points of the real thermographic image and the values of the corresponding points of a reference thermographic image (A, X, B, Y) is determined and used to check at least one part of the manufacturing process.
1. A method for checking a mechanical piece made with a mold in a foundry, the method comprising:
acquiring at least one real thermographic image of an internal surface of the mold;
comparing at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and/or parameters based on the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image with at least part of at least one reference thermographic image and/or parameters based on the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image to determine a dissimilarity value;
requesting further quality control of the mechanical piece when the dissimilarity value is outside of a first range; and
deciding to discard the mechanical piece when the dissimilarity value is outside of a second range, wherein the second range is different from the first range.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising storing the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and/or the parameters based on the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image in a production report of the mechanical piece.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mold comprises at least two parts configured to be coupled and separated, the method further comprising:
coupling the at least two parts for the mold to assume a closed configuration in which molten metal is poured into the mold; and
opening the at least two parts for the mold to assume an open configuration in which the mechanical piece is extracted from the mold.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one real thermographic image is acquired before the mold is in the closed configuration.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one real thermographic image is acquired after the mold is in the open configuration.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein comparing the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and/or the parameters based on the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image with the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image and/or the parameters based on the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image to determine the dissimilarity value comprises making a point-by-point comparison in at least one region of interest between the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first range is a maximum acceptable dissimilarity between the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and/or the parameters based on the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image and/or the parameters based on the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein comparing the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and/or the parameters based on the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image with the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image and/or the parameters based on the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image to determine the dissimilarity value comprises determining a differential thermographic image with points having values equal to the differences between the values of the points of the at least one real thermographic image and the values of the corresponding points of the at least one reference thermographic image.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the at least one reference thermographic image by simulating a manufacturing process of the mechanical piece.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the at least one reference thermographic image by acquiring a plurality of real thermographic images of the internal surface of the mold that proved to be able to manufacture mechanical pieces substantially free of defects.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the at least one reference thermographic image further comprises averaging the plurality of real thermographic images of mechanical pieces substantially free of defects.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling or heating the internal surface of the mold after acquiring the real thermographic image.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
feeding molten metal into the mold; and
extracting the mechanical piece from the mold after a predetermined cooling time.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising acquiring the at least one real thermographic image comprises:
acquiring a first real thermographic image before feeding the molten metal into the mold; and/or acquiring a second real thermographic image after extracting the mechanical piece from the mold.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second range is greater than the first range.
16. A system for checking a mechanical piece made with a mold in a foundry, the system comprising:
at least one thermal camera configured to acquire at least one real thermographic image of an internal surface of the mold when the mold is in an open configuration; and
a processing unit configured to:
comparing at least part of the at least one real thermographic image and/or parameters based on the at least part of the at least one real thermographic image with at least part of at least one reference thermographic image and/or parameters based on the at least part of the at least one reference thermographic image to determine a dissimilarity value;
requesting further quality control of the mechanical piece when the dissimilarity value is outside of a first range; and
deciding to discard the mechanical piece when the dissimilarity value is outside of a second range, wherein the second range is different from the first range.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein:
the mold comprises at least two parts configured to be coupled and separated, wherein each of the at least two parts has an internal surface; and
the system further comprises a feeding device configured to feed molten metal into the mold when the mold is in a closed configuration in which the at least two parts are coupled.