Device for measuring various properties of coatings and materials and methods of using the same
Provided are material testing devices and methods for measuring certain physical properties of materials, such as for example, drying, curing, film formation, friction, adhesion, print resistance, and scratch resistance. The testing device includes a platform, a stylus comprising a probe, an angle sensor, a linear position sensor, a control system with a power supply and a control center which may be programmed with testing parameters.
1. A material testing device, comprising:
a platform configured to support a material to be tested;
a drive system and/or a motor configured to move the platform in one or both of X and Y directions;
a probe;
a stylus configured to support the probe;
wherein the probe configured to contact the material to be tested when a load is imposed on the stylus and the probe;
an angle sensor configured to measure the angle of the probe relative to the platform;
a linear position sensor configured to measure the position of the platform relative to the probe;
a control system comprising a control center configured to be programmed with a set of testing parameters;
wherein the platform is configured to move in one or both of the X and Y direction relative to the probe in response to commands received from the control system based on the set of testing parameters.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the material is a liquid film, a paint, a coating, a metal, a metal alloy, a composite, a plastic, wood, a mineral, or any combination thereof.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is configured to measure friction, hardness, scratch resistance, mar resistance, print resistance, adhesion, drying, or curing properties of the material.
4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of sensors in communication with the control center, the plurality of sensors including a load cell sensor, a friction sensor, a transducer, or any combination thereof; and
a load generating device configured to impose the load on the stylus and probe.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the load generating device comprises a dead weight, a dynamic loading device, or a fixed loading device.
6. The device of claim 4 , wherein the friction sensor is separate from the probe and/or the stylus.
7. The device of claim 4 , wherein the transducer comprises one or more of an encoder, a sensor, or read head paired with a code position.
8. The device of claim 4 , wherein the control system is configured to sense and/or control a load from the load generating device.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the material is a liquid film on a substrate comprising a well or a flat plate.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the stylus comprises a removeable clamp for supporting the probe.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the probe comprises a circular, conical, rectangular, v-edge, or angular cross-section.
12. A method of using a testing device to measure a property of a material, comprising:
(a) programming a control center of the testing device with a set of testing parameters;
(b) positioning a substrate comprising a material onto a platform of the testing device;
(c) bringing a probe of the testing device into contact with the material;
(d) applying a vertical load to the probe using a load generating device such that a force is imparted on the material;
(e) moving the platform relative to the force applied to the probe; and
(f) sensing a height of the probe relative to the substrate;
wherein the testing device further comprises an angle sensor configured to measure the angle of the probe relative to the platform; a linear position sensor configured to measure the position of the platform relative to the probe; and a control system comprising a power supply and the control center;
(g) measuring the angle of the movement of the probe; and
(h) converting the angle measurement to a linear measurement.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising setting a test start position for the probe that results in a test start distance of less than about 15 mm and initial static force of less than about 0.1 N.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising one or more of the following steps: controlling the vertical load applied to the probe using the control systems or detecting the friction force imparted on the probe.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein measuring the angle comprises a magnetic rotary encoder and/or an angle encoder based on photoelectric scanning principles.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the material comprises a liquid film and the probe is brought into contact with the liquid film after the liquid film is applied to the substrate and remains in contact with the liquid film until the liquid film solidifies.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the testing device is configured to measure friction, hardness, scratch resistance, mar resistance, print resistance, adhesion, drying, or curing properties of the material.