Olfactory sensor devices and related methods

1. A method for identifying one or more odorants, comprising:

exposing a sensor to one or more odorants to adsorb molecules of the one or more odorants onto the sensor surface, wherein the sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator;

irradiating the sensor with a light sequence using two or more light sources to alter the adsorption kinetics of the molecules of the one or more odorants onto the sensor surface, wherein at least one of the two or more light sources is a broadband light source and light incident on the sensor comprises broadband light from the broadband light source, wherein the light incident on the sensor has a half-width at half-maximum of at least 10 nm;

measuring a change in one or more physical properties of the sensor during the irradiation due to adsorption of odorant molecules to the sensor or desorption of odorant molecules from the sensor, wherein the one or more physical properties comprises impedance of the quartz crystal resonator;

determining one or more characteristics of the one or more odorants based on the measured change during the irradiation.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising inferring a property of a system from the one or more determined characteristics.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the one or more characteristics comprises:

maintaining, by the one or more processors, a machine learning model trained using a training data set comprising measured changes in one or more properties of the sensor in response to adsorption of one or more known odorants during the light sequence; and

determining, by the one or more processors, the one or more characteristics by applying the measured change in one or more physical properties of the sensor during the irradiation to the machine learning model.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light sequence comprises a first irradiation comprising light having a first light characteristic and a second irradiation comprising light having a second light characteristic; and

wherein determining the one or more characteristics of the one or more odorants is based on a measured change of the impedance of the quartz crystal resonator during the first irradiation and a measured change of the impedance of the quartz crystal resonator during the second irradiation.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises nanowires comprising NiO, TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , WO 3 , In 2 O 3 , VO 2 , V 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , or combinations thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two or more light sources comprise an infrared light source and an ultraviolet light source.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more characteristics of the one or more odorants comprises an identity of the one or more odorants or a concentration of the one or more odorants.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light sequence comprises a first irradiation with a first light source for a first duration of time, a second irradiation with a second light source for a second duration of time, and a third irradiation with the first light source and the second light source for a third duration of time.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light sequence is performed for more than one cycle.

10. The method of claim 1 , comprising measuring a change in gain or a change in phase of the quartz crystal resonator due to adsorption of odorant molecules to the sensor or desorption of odorant molecules from the sensor.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the impedance is measured in comparison to a fixed resistor.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more odorants is contained within sweat vapor from a human subject.

13. An olfactory sensor device, comprising:

a sensor configured to adsorb odorant molecules, wherein the sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator;

two or more light sources configured to irradiate the sensor during exposure of the sensor to odorant molecules, wherein at least one of the two or more light sources is a broadband light source configured to emit broadband light incident on the sensor, wherein the broadband light incident on the sensor has a half-width at half-maximum of at least 10 nm;

one or more processors communicably coupled to the sensor and the two or more light sources, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:

operate the two or more light sources to produce a light sequence;

measure a change in one or more physical properties of the quartz crystal resonator in response to adsorption of odorant molecules to the sensor or desorption of odorant molecules from the sensor during the light sequence, wherein the one or more physical properties comprises impedance of the quartz crystal resonator; and

identify one or more characteristics of the one or more odorant molecules by analyzing data associated with the measured change in one or more physical properties of the sensor.

14. The olfactory sensor device of claim 13 , wherein the sensor comprises nanowires comprising NiO, TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , WO 3 , In 2 O 3 , VO 2 , V 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , or combinations thereof.

15. The olfactory sensor device of claim 13 , wherein the one or more light sources comprises an IR light source or a UV light source.

16. The olfactory sensor device of claim 13 , wherein the one or more characteristics of the one or more odorants comprises an identity of the one or more odorants or a concentration of the one or more odorants.

17. The olfactory sensor device of claim 13 , further comprising one or more auxiliary sensors in communication with the one or more processors.

18. The olfactory device of claim 13 , wherein the device is wearable by a human subject.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light incident on the sensor has a half-width at half-maximum of at least 20 nm.

20. The olfactory device of claim 13 , wherein the light incident on the sensor has a half-width at half-maximum of at least 20 nm.