Food product coatings
Disclosed herein are embodiments of a coating composition comprising cellulose nanomaterials and emulsion systems. The coating compositions provide improved moisture barrier and wettability onto fruit surfaces and can control physiological activity and enhance storability of food products, such as fruits during ambient storage. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of dried and substantially dried coatings, films, products made with the coating compositions, and methods of making and using the coating compositions described herein.
1. A coating composition, consisting essentially of:
a cellulose nanomaterial in an amount ranging from 0.1% w/w wet basis to 1% w/w wet basis wherein (i) the cellulose nanomaterial comprises cellulose nanofibrils or a combination of cellulose nanofibrils and cellulose nanocrystals, and (ii) a portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises cellulose microfibrils, cellulose microcrystals, or a combination thereof; and
one or more emulsion droplets dispersed within a matrix comprising the cellulose nanomaterial, wherein the one or more emulsion droplets are formed by an emulsion system comprising oleic acid and a sucrose ester of a fatty acid component, wherein the oleic acid is present in an amount ranging from 0.1% w/w wet basis to 2% w/w wet basis and the sucrose ester of a fatty acid component is present in an amount ranging from 0.1% w/w wet basis to 2% w/w wet basis; and
water;
wherein
(i) the sucrose ester of a fatty acid component forms an outer hydrophilic region of the one or more emulsion droplets and the oleic acid forms an internal hydrophobic region of the one or more emulsion droplets;
(ii) the cellulose nanomaterial and the emulsion system are present at a ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:8 (cellulose nanomaterial:emulsion system); and
(iii) the coating composition provides a coating that exhibits a water vapor permeability value ranging from 0.03 g ml/m 2 d Pa to less than 0.15 g ml/m 2 d Pa.
2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose nanomaterial comprises cellulose nanofibrils.
3. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the cellulose nanofibrils are present in an amount ranging from 0.1% w/w wet basis to 0.5% w/w wet basis.
4. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose nanomaterial comprises cellulose nanocrystals.
5. The coating composition of claim 4 , wherein the cellulose nanocrystals are present in an amount ranging from 0.1% w/w wet basis to 1% w/w wet basis.
6. A substantially dried coating,
formed from the coating composition of claim 1 .
7. The substantially dried coating of claim 6 , wherein the cellulose nanomaterial is present in an amount ranging from greater than 1% w/w dry basis to less than 84% w/w dry basis when the dried coating comprises greater than 0% to 10% moisture, or wherein the fatty acid component is present in an amount ranging from greater than 2% w/w dry basis to less than 97% w/w dry basis when the dried coating comprises greater than 0% to 10% moisture, or wherein the sucrose ester of a fatty acid component is present in an amount ranging from greater than 1% w/w dry basis to less than 91% w/w dry basis when the dried coating comprises greater than 0% to 10% moisture.
8. The substantially dried coating of claim 6 , wherein the cellulose nanomaterial comprises cellulose nanofibrils.
9. The substantially dried coating of claim 6 , wherein the cellulose nanomaterial comprises cellulose nanocrystals.
10. A plant part, comprising the substantially dried coating of claim 6 .
11. The plant part of claim 10 , wherein the plant part is a tropical fruit.
12. The plant part of claim 10 , wherein the plant part is a banana, a papaya, an avocado, a melon, or a mango.
13. The plant part of claim 10 , wherein the plant part is a banana.
14. A method, comprising coating or substantially coating a plant or a plant part with the coating composition of claim 1 .
15. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
16. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
17. The coating composition of claim 3 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
18. The coating composition of claim 4 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
19. The coating composition of claim 5 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
20. The coating composition of claim 6 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
21. The coating composition of claim 7 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
22. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the cellulose microfibrils present in the coating composition is reduced or increased by (i) modifying an extraction method used to make the cellulose nanomaterial; and/or (ii) varying a cellulose-containing species from which the cellulose microfibrils are extracted.
23. The substantially dried coating of claim 8 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
24. The substantially dried coating of claim 9 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
25. The plant part of claim 10 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
26. The plant part of claim 11 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
27. The plant part of claim 12 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.
28. The method of claim 14 , wherein the portion of the cellulose nanomaterial comprises the cellulose microfibrils.