Carrier for developing electrostatic latent image, two-component developer, image forming apparatus, process cartridge, and image forming method
A carrier for developing an electrostatic latent image is provided. The carrier comprises a core particle having an internal void ratio of from 0.0% to 2.0% and a coating layer coating the core particle. The coating layer contains flat chargeable particles satisfying Formula 1 blow: 1.0≤R1/R2≤3.0 Formula 1 where R1 [nm] and R2 [nm] represent a major axis and a thickness, respectively, of each of the flat chargeable particles. The carrier has an apparent density of from 2.0 to 2.5 g/cm 3 .
1. A carrier for developing an electrostatic latent image, the carrier comprising:
a core particle having an internal void ratio of from 0.0% to 2.0%; and
a coating layer coating the core particle, the coating layer containing flat chargeable particles satisfying Formula 1 below:
1.0≤R1/R2≤3.0 Formula 1
where R1 [nm] and R2 [nm] represent a major axis and a thickness, respectively, of each of the flat chargeable particles,
wherein the carrier has an apparent density of from 2.0 to 2.5 g/cm 3 .
2. The carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the major axis R1 is from 300 to 600 nm.
3. The carrier according to claim 2 , wherein the core particle has a surface roughness Rz of 2.0 μm or more and less than 3.0 μm.
4. The carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the coating layer has an average thickness of from 0.50 to 1.10 μm.
5. The carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the flat chargeable particles comprise barium sulfate.
6. A two-component developer comprising:
the carrier according to claim 1 ; and
a toner.
7. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an electrostatic latent image bearer;
a charger to charge the electrostatic latent image bearer;
an irradiator to form an electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearer;
a developing device containing the two-component developer according to claim 6 , the developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image with the two-component developer;
a transfer device configured to transfer the toner image from the electrostatic latent image bearer onto a recording medium; and
a fixing device configured to fix the transferred toner image on the recording medium.
8. A process cartridge comprising:
an electrostatic latent image bearer;
a charger to charge the electrostatic latent image bearer;
a developing device containing the two-component developer according to claim 6 , the developing device configured to develop an electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearer into a toner image with the two-component developer; and
a cleaner to clean the electrostatic latent image bearer.
9. An image forming method comprising:
forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image bearer;
developing the electrostatic latent image into a toner image with the two-component developer according to claim 6 ;
transferring the toner image from the electrostatic latent image bearer onto a recording medium, and
fixing the transferred toner image on the recording medium.