Field coil support structure and modular field coil design in a superconducting machine
An electric machine including an annular armature assembly and a non-rotating annular field winding assembly coaxial with the armature assembly and separated by a gap from the armature assembly. The field winding assembly including a field coil support structure having an annular array of recesses formed therein and extending about the field coil support structure. The field winding assembly further including a plurality of superconducting coils, each disposed in a recess of the annular array of recesses. A generator and a method for generating electrical power are disclosed.
1. An electric machine comprising:
an annular armature assembly; and
a non-rotating annular field winding assembly coaxial with the armature assembly and separated by a gap from the armature assembly, wherein the field winding assembly comprises:
a field coil support structure having an annular array of recesses formed therein and extending about the field coil support structure;
a plurality of superconducting coils, each of the plurality of superconducting coils disposed in a recess of the annular array of recesses; and
at least one segmented thermal shield disposed about the plurality of superconducting coils and one or more support pillars disposed to support the at least one segmented thermal shield relative to the plurality of superconducting coils.
2. The electric machine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the armature assembly is formed about the non-rotating annular field winding assembly to define a field coil inside (FCI) configuration.
3. The electric machine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of superconducting coils is a racetrack shaped superconducting coil.
4. The electric machine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of superconducting coils forms a snap-fit joint within a respective one of the annular array of recesses.
5. The electric machine as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the field coil support structure is formed of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
6. The electric machine as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the field coil support structure is formed of Invar.
7. The electric machine as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the field coil support structure is formed of Kovar.
8. A generator comprising:
an annular armature assembly; and
a non-rotating annular field winding assembly coaxial with the armature assembly and separated by a gap from the armature assembly, wherein the field winding assembly comprises:
a field coil support structure formed of a non-shrinking material having a negligible coefficient of thermal expansion;
a plurality of superconducting coils, each of the plurality of superconducting coils disposed relative to the field coil support structure; and
at least one segmented thermal shield disposed about the plurality of superconducting coils and one or more support pillars disposed to support each of the at least one segmented thermal shields relative to the plurality of superconducting coils.
9. The generator as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the armature assembly is formed about the non-rotating annular field winding assembly to define a field coil inside (FCI) configuration.
10. The generator as claimed in claim 8 , wherein each of the plurality of superconducting coils is a racetrack shaped superconducting coil.
11. The generator as claimed in claim 8 , wherein each of the plurality of superconducting coils is coupled to the field coil support structure.
12. The generator as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the field coil support structure includes an annular array of recesses formed therein and extending about the field coil support structure.
13. The generator as claimed in claim 12 , wherein each of the plurality of superconducting coils is disposed in a recess of the annular array of recesses.
14. The generator as claimed in claim 13 , wherein each of the plurality of superconducting coils forms a snap-fit joint within a respective one of the annular array of recesses.
15. The generator as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the field coil support structure is formed of Invar.
16. The generator as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the field coil support structure is formed of Kovar.
17. The generator as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the generator achieves a power output of 10 MW or higher.
18. A method for generating electrical power comprising:
generating a magnetic field in a non-rotating annular field winding assembly in a generator, wherein the non-rotating annular field winding assembly comprises:
a field coil support structure having an annular array of recesses formed therein and extending about the field coil support structure;
a plurality of superconducting coils, each of the plurality of superconducting coils disposed in a recess of the annular array of recesses; and
at least one segmented thermal shield disposed about the plurality of superconducting coils and one or more support pillars disposed to support each of the at least one segmented thermal shields relative to the plurality of superconducting coils;
rotating an armature assembly of the generator, wherein the armature assembly is coaxial and electromagnetically coupled to the non-rotating annular field winding assembly, wherein the non-rotating annular field winding assembly is separated by a gap from the armature assembly;
generating electrical current in the armature assembly by the rotation of the armature assembly around the non-rotating annular field winding assembly; and
cooling the plurality of superconducting coils to a superconducting condition using a cooling liquid that is at least partially vaporized as it cools the plurality of superconducting coils,
wherein the field coil support structure is comprised of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion to maintain a dimension of the gap between the non-rotating annular field winding assembly and the armature assembly during cooling of the plurality of superconducting coils to the superconducting condition.