Surgical retractor system and snap joint clamp

1. A joint clamp for a surgical retractor system, the joint clamp comprising:

a lower clamp comprising a spring, an upper portion, a lower portion pivotally coupled to the upper portion, and a lower clamping passage that passes laterally through the upper and lower portions of the lower clamp;

an upper clamp comprising an upper clamping passage that passes laterally through the upper clamp;

a bolt that pass vertically through the upper clamp and a proximal portion of the upper portion of the lower clamp, wherein the bolt comprises a bolt upper portion and a bolt lower portion, and wherein the bolt lower portion is secured to the proximal portion of the upper portion of the lower clamp; and

a knob coupled to the bolt upper portion;

wherein the spring exerts a biasing force on the lower portion of the lower clamp that urges a proximal portion of the lower portion to pivot toward the proximal portion of the upper portion and abut threads of the proximal portion the lower portion against threads of bolt lower portion; and

wherein rotation of the knob in a first direction rotates the bolt such that the threads of the bolt lower portion engage the threads of the proximal portion of the lower portion and draw the lower portion toward the knob.

2. The joint clamp of claim 1 , wherein rotation of the knob in the first direction increases clamping forces exerted upon objects passing through the upper and lower clamping passages.

3. The joint clamp of claim 1 , wherein the spring comprises one or more helical torsion springs that engage the upper portion and the lower portion of the lower clamp and collectively exert the biasing force upon the lower portion.

4. The joint clamp of claim 3 , wherein the lower clamp comprises a pivot pin that laterally passes through the upper and lower portions of the lower clamp and through the one or more helical torsion springs.

5. The joint clamp of claim 1 , wherein the biasing force exerted by the spring is sufficient to overcome a gravitational force exerted on the lower portion of the lower clamp and abut the threads of the lower portion of the lower clamp against the threads of the bolt lower portion.

6. The joint clamp of claim 1 , further comprising:

an upper spring between a lower surface of the knob and an upper surface of the upper clamp;

wherein the upper spring biases the knob away from the upper portion of the lower clamp.

7. The joint clamp of claim 6 , wherein:

the upper portion of the lower clamp comprises a bolt hole; and

the upper spring, via its biasing of the knob, partially retracts the bolt lower portion into the bolt hole.

8. The joint clamp of claim 6 , wherein:

the upper clamp comprises a two-piece clamp; and

the upper spring sets a clip-on force used to pass an object through a mouth of the two-piece clamp.

9. The joint clamp of claim 1 , wherein the upper clamp comprises a circle clamp.

10. The joint clamp of claim 1 , wherein the spring causes the lower clamp to generate an audible sound in response to snapping the lower portion of the lower clamp toward the upper portion of the lower clamp.

11. A joint clamp for a surgical retractor system, the joint clamp comprising:

a knob;

a lower clamp comprising a spring, an upper portion, a lower portion pivotally coupled to the upper portion, and a clamping passage that passes laterally through the upper and lower portions of the lower clamp;

one or more upper clamps between the lower clamp and the knob; and

a bolt that pass through the one or more upper clamps;

wherein the bolt comprises a bolt upper portion coupled to the knob and a bolt lower portion secured to the upper portion of the lower clamp; and

wherein the spring exerts a biasing force on the lower portion of the lower clamp that pivots threads of the lower clamp toward the upper portion of the lower clamp; and

wherein rotation of the knob in a first direction rotates the bolt such that threads of the bolt lower portion engage the threads the lower clamp and draw the lower portion of the lower clamp toward the knob.

12. The joint clamp of claim 11 , wherein rotation of the knob in the first direction increases a clamping force exerted upon an object passing through the clamping passage of the lower clamp.

13. The joint clamp of claim 11 , wherein the spring comprises one or more helical torsion springs that engage the upper portion and the lower portion of the lower clamp and collectively exert the biasing force upon the lower portion.

14. The joint clamp of claim 13 , wherein the lower clamp comprises a pivot pin that laterally passes through the upper and lower portions of the lower clamp and through the one or more helical torsion springs.

15. The joint clamp of claim 11 , wherein the biasing force exerted by the spring is sufficient to overcome a gravitational force exerted on the lower portion of the lower clamp and abut the threads of the lower clamp against the threads of the bolt lower portion.

16. The joint clamp of claim 11 , further comprising:

an upper spring between a lower surface of the knob and an upper surface of the upper clamp;

wherein the upper spring biases the knob away from the upper portion of the lower clamp.

17. The joint clamp of claim 16 , wherein:

the upper portion of the lower clamp comprises a bolt hole; and

the upper spring, via its biasing of the knob, partially retracts the bolt lower portion into the bolt hole.

18. The joint clamp of claim 16 , wherein:

the one or more upper clamps include a two-piece clamp; and

the upper spring sets a clip-on force used to pass an object through a mouth of the two-piece clamp.

19. The joint clamp of claim 11 , wherein the one or more upper clamps include a circle clamp.

20. The joint clamp of claim 11 , wherein the spring causes the lower clamp to generate an audible sound in response to snapping the lower portion of the lower clamp toward the upper portion of the lower clamp.