Method for preparing readily processable, thermally-stable, phosphorus-containing flame retardant material
The present disclosure provides for the production of non-halogenated phosphorus containing, thermally stable flame retardant materials directly in the form of a powder or small particles. The process generally includes heating one or more phosphonic acid salts in a high boiling, water miscible, acid stable solvent to dehydration reaction temperatures of 200° C. or higher.
1. A process for preparing a thermally stable phosphorus containing flame retardant material comprising:
heating to a reaction temperature of 200° C. or higher
a mixture comprising
i) a majority by weight, based on the weight of the mixture, of one or more high boiling, water miscible, acid stable solvents having a boiling point of greater than 200° C., and
ii) one or more phosphonic acid salts of formula (I):
wherein R is H, an alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, p is a number of from 2 to 7, M is a metal, y is a number of from 2 to 7, so that M(+)y is a metal cation where (+)y represents the charge formally assigned to the cation,
to produce the flame-retardant material as a powder or in small particle form.
2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the step of heating the mixture at temperatures of 200° C. or higher,
a) providing the one or more salts of formula (I) in a solid or liquid form, and
b) preparing the mixture by combining the one or more salts of formula (I) provided in a) with the one or more high boiling, water miscible, acid stable solvents under conditions and for a time sufficient to form a suspension or slurry.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the one or more salts of formula (I) are provided as a solution in an aqueous solvent.
4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the step of preparing the mixture occurs at one or more elevated temperatures in a range of from about 30° C. to about 160° C.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more high boiling, water miscible, acid stable solvents comprise one or more sulfones.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more high boiling, water miscible, acid stable solvents are selected from the group consisting of sulfones.
7. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the sulfones are of the formula R 1 R 2 SO 2 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently chosen from C 1-6 hydrocarbon groups or R 1 and R 2 taken together with S form a ring having 2, 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms.
8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently chosen from C 1-3 alkyl.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are both methyl or both ethyl.
10. The process according to claim 7 , wherein R 1 and R 2 taken together with S form a tri-, tetra-, or penta-methylene ring.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 and R 2 taken together with S form a tetra-methylene ring.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein p=y.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture is heated to a reaction temperature in a range of from about 220° C. to about 400° C.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the median particle size of the powder or small particles is about 100 μm or less, as measured by laser diffraction according to ISO 13320.
15. The process according to claim 14 , wherein the median particle size is from about 20 μm to about 80 μm.
16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in formula (I), R is H, C 1-12 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 7-18 alkylaryl, or C 7-18 arylalkyl, wherein said alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl are unsubstituted or are substituted by halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-4 alkylamino, di-C 1-4 alkylamino, C 1-4 alkoxy, carboxy or C 2-5 alkoxycarbonyl; and M is Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Zr, B, Al, Si, Ti, Cu, Fe, Sn or Sb.
17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein, in formula I, R is C 1-12 alkyl and M is Ca, Zn, B, Al, Fe or Sn.
18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein M is Fe, Ca or Al.
19. A method for improving the flame retardancy of a polymer, comprising:
heating at a reaction temperature of 200° C. or higher
a mixture comprising
i) a majority by weight, based on the weight of the mixture, of one or more high boiling, water miscible, acid stable solvents having a boiling point of greater than 200° C., and
ii) one or more phosphonic acid salts of formula (I):
wherein R is H, an alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, p is a number of from 2 to 7, M is a metal, y is a number of from 2 to 7, so that M(+)y is a metal cation where (+)y represents the charge formally assigned to the cation,
to form a flame-retardant material;
separating the flame retardant material from the solvent to yield the flame retardant material as a powder or in small particle form;
and combining the flame retardant material with the polymer.