Transmitting and receiving data using a satellite communications network

1. A terrestrial control system operable to be communicatively coupled to a constellation of satellites, the terrestrial control system comprising:

one or more transmitters;

one or more processors; and

one or more non-transitory computer readable media storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to a first satellite of the constellation to transmit a plurality of first groups of optical subcarriers to a plurality of second satellites of the constellation via free-space optical communication, wherein the first groups of optical subcarriers carry first data and each of the first groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites,

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the second satellites to transmit a plurality of second groups of optical subcarriers to the first satellite via free-space optical communication, wherein the second groups of optical subcarriers carry second data and each of the second groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites;

selecting the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to a selection pattern,

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, an indication of the second satellites to the first satellite, wherein the terrestrial control system is operable to select the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to the selection pattern by:

identifying a sequence of the satellites of the constellation of satellites that are in a same orbit as the first satellite, and

selecting, as the second satellites, the satellites in the constellation of satellites that that are within two positions of the first satellite in the sequence.

2. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more transmitters comprise one or more RF transmitters.

3. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to orbit an astronomical body according to a first orbit,

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to at least some of the second satellites to orbit the astronomical body according to a second orbit different from the first orbit, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to at least some of the second satellites to orbit the astronomical body according to a third orbit different from the first orbit and the second orbit.

4. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein the terrestrial control system is operable to select the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to the selection pattern by:

identifying a sequence of the satellites of the constellation of satellites that are in a second orbit adjacent to a first obit of the first satellite;

identifying a reference satellite in the constellation of satellites that is nearest the first satellite in the sequence, and

selecting, as the second satellites, the satellites in the constellation of satellites that that are one position from the reference satellite in the sequence.

5. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein the terrestrial control system is operable to select the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to the selection pattern by:

identifying a sequence of the satellites of the constellation of satellites that are in a second orbit adjacent to a first obit of the first satellite;

identifying a reference satellite in the constellation of satellites that is nearest the first satellite in the sequence, and

selecting, as the second satellites, the satellites in the constellation of satellites that that are two positions from the reference satellite in the sequence.

6. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein each of the optical subcarriers in the first groups of optical subcarriers is a respective Nyquist optical subcarrier.

7. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein each of the optical subcarriers in the second groups of optical subcarriers is a respective Nyquist optical subcarrier.

8. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first groups of optical subcarriers has a single respective optical subcarrier.

9. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first groups of optical subcarriers comprises two or more respective optical subcarriers.

10. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the second groups of optical subcarriers has a single respective optical subcarrier.

11. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the second groups of optical subcarriers comprises two or more respective optical subcarriers.

12. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to receive a third group of optical subcarriers from a third satellite via free-space optical communication, wherein the third group of optical subcarriers carries third data, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to transmit at least a portion of the third data to at least some of the second satellites.

13. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, radio frequency (RF) signals carrying third data to the first satellite, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to transmit at least a portion of the third data to at least some of the second satellite communications modules.

14. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to transmit the first data to each of the plurality of second satellites according to a first bandwidth, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the each of the second satellites to transmit the second data to the first satellite according to a second bandwidth, and

wherein the first bandwidth is different from the second bandwidth.

15. The terrestrial control system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to selectively demodulate a subset of the second groups of optical subcarriers.

16. A method performed by a terrestrial control system communicatively coupled to a constellation of satellites, the method comprising:

transmitting, using one or more transmitters of the terrestrial control system, instructions to a first satellite of the constellation to transmit a plurality of first groups of optical subcarriers to a plurality of second satellites of the constellation via free-space optical communication, wherein the first groups of optical subcarriers carry first data and each of the first groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites;

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the second satellites to transmit a plurality of second groups of optical subcarriers to the first satellite via free-space optical communication, wherein the second groups of optical subcarriers carry second data and each of the second groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites;

selecting the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to a selection pattern,

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, an indication of the second satellites to the first satellite,

wherein selecting the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to the selection pattern comprises:

identifying a sequence of the satellites of the constellation of satellites that are in a same orbit as the first satellite, and

selecting, as the second satellites, the satellites in the constellation of satellites that that are within two positions of the first satellite in the sequence.

17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to orbit an astronomical body according to a first orbit,

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to at least some of the second satellites to orbit the astronomical body according to a second orbit different from the first orbit, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to at least some of the second satellites to orbit the astronomical body according to a third orbit different from the first orbit and the second orbit.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein each of the optical subcarriers in the first groups of optical subcarriers is a respective Nyquist optical subcarrier.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein each of the optical subcarriers in the second groups of optical subcarriers is a respective Nyquist optical subcarrier.

20. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the first groups of optical subcarriers has a single respective optical subcarrier.

21. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the first groups of optical subcarriers comprises two or more respective optical subcarriers.

22. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the second groups of optical subcarriers has a single respective optical subcarrier.

23. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the second groups of optical subcarriers comprises two or more respective optical subcarriers.

24. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to receive a third group of optical subcarriers from a third satellite via free-space optical communication, wherein the third group of optical subcarriers carries third data, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to transmit at least a portion of the third data to at least some of the second satellites.

25. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, radio frequency (RF) signals carrying third data to the first satellite, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to transmit at least a portion of the third data to at least some of the second satellite communications modules.

26. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to transmit the first data to each of the plurality of second satellites according to a first bandwidth, and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the each of the second satellites to transmit the second data to the first satellite according to a second bandwidth, and

wherein the first bandwidth is different from the second bandwidth.

27. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the first satellite to selectively demodulate a subset of the second groups of optical subcarriers.

28. A method performed by a terrestrial control system communicatively coupled to a constellation of satellites, the method comprising:

transmitting, using one or more transmitters of the terrestrial control system, instructions to a first satellite of the constellation to transmit a plurality of first groups of optical subcarriers to a plurality of second satellites of the constellation via free-space optical communication, wherein the first groups of optical subcarriers carry first data and each of the first groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites;

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the second satellites to transmit a plurality of second groups of optical subcarriers to the first satellite via free-space optical communication, wherein the second groups of optical subcarriers carry second data and each of the second groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites;

selecting the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to a selection pattern; and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, an indication of the second satellites to the first satellite, wherein selecting the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to the selection pattern comprises:

identifying a sequence of the satellites of the constellation of satellites that are in a second orbit adjacent to a first obit of the first satellite;

identifying a reference satellite in the constellation of satellites that is nearest the first satellite in the sequence, and

selecting, as the second satellites, the satellites in the constellation of satellites that that are one position from the reference satellite in the sequence.

29. A method performed by a terrestrial control system communicatively coupled to a constellation of satellites, the method comprising:

transmitting, using one or more transmitters of the terrestrial control system, instructions to a first satellite of the constellation to transmit a plurality of first groups of optical subcarriers to a plurality of second satellites of the constellation via free-space optical communication, wherein the first groups of optical subcarriers carry first data and each of the first groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites;

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, instructions to the second satellites to transmit a plurality of second groups of optical subcarriers to the first satellite via free-space optical communication, wherein the second groups of optical subcarriers carry second data and each of the second groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites;

selecting the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to a selection pattern; and

transmitting, using the one or more transmitters, an indication of the second satellites to the first satellite, wherein selecting the second satellites from the constellation of satellites according to the selection pattern comprises:

identifying a sequence of the satellites of the constellation of satellites that are in a second orbit adjacent to a first obit of the first satellite;

identifying a reference satellite in the constellation of satellites that is nearest the first satellite in the sequence, and

selecting, as the second satellites, the satellites in the constellation of satellites that that are two positions from the reference satellite in the sequence.